Retarding energy calculator for an electric drive machine

• US 20100066292A1
• Filed: 09/15/2008
• Published: 03/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/15/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Inventors: Miller, Benjamin, Gottemoller, Benjamin P., Lengyel, Tamran H.
• Granted Patent: US 8,054,016 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 318/472
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 23/14 Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage

Abstract

A cooling system for a retarding system of an electric drive machine (100) includes a direct current (DC) link having first and second rails. A first resistor grid (214) is selectively placed in circuit between the rails by an automatic switch (216) in response to a switch (216) signal. A second resistor grid (218) is selectively placed in circuit between the rails by a chopper circuit (220) connected in series with the second resistor grid (218). The chopper modulates a current passing therethrough based on a duty cycle. A motor (336) is in parallel electrical connection across a portion of the first resistor grid (214) and operates in response to a motor (336) signal. An electronic controller (400) calculates a net energy during operation and adjusts the switch (216) signal, the duty cycle, and the motor (336) signal to close the automatic electrical switch (216) and operate the motor (336) when the net energy exceeds a threshold value.

Claims

1. A cooling system for a retarding system of an electric drive machine that includes a DC link having a first rail and a second rail, the cooling system comprising:

a first resistor grid selectively placed in circuit between the first rail and the second rail of the DC link;

an automatic electrical switch disposed in series electrical connection between the first resistor grid and the first rail, the automatic electrical switch responsive to a switch signal;

a second resistor grid connected across the DC link;

a chopper connected in series with the second resistor grid, the chopper capable of modulating a current passing through the second resistor grid based on a duty cycle;

a motor disposed in parallel electrical connection across a portion of the first resistor grid via an inverter, the motor operating in response to a motor signal;

a blower connected to the motor and disposed to cool the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid when the motor is operating; and

an electronic controller disposed to calculate a net energy during operation of the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid and adjust the switch signal, the duty cycle, and the motor signal;

wherein the electronic controller is arranged to close the automatic electrical switch and operate the motor when the net energy exceeds a threshold value.

2. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the electronic controller is disposed to receive a retarding signal and adjust at least one of the switch signal and the duty cycle based on the retarding signal.

3. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the electronic controller is further disposed to adjust a command that controls an additional inverter, the additional inverter connected to the DC link, when the electric drive machine is retarding, such that a voltage of the DC link is maintained within a desired range when the automatic electrical switch is closed.

4. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the calculation of the net energy in the electronic controller includes calculation of at least one of:

a first power input for power dissipated by the first resistor grid;

a second power input for power dissipated by the second resistor grid;

a total power input that is based on at least one of the first power input and the second power input;

a first power output for power consumed by the motor;

a second power output for power dissipated by conduction from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid;

a third power output for power dissipated by free convection from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid;

a fourth power output for power dissipated by forced convection from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid when the motor is active; and

a total power output that is based on at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth power outputs.

5. The cooling system of claim 4, wherein the second power input is at least partially based on the duty cycle.

6. The cooling system of claim 4, wherein the second power output is at least partially based on a temperature of the first and second resistor grids and an ambient temperature.

7. The cooling system of claim 4, wherein the fourth power output is based on one of an activation state of the motor, an output shaft speed of the motor, and a time delay following an activation of the motor.

8. The cooling system of claim 4, wherein the electronic controller is further disposed to:

calculate a net power difference between the total power input and the total power output;

integrating the net power difference over time to obtain a net energy accumulation;

comparing the net energy accumulation to the threshold value; and

activating a cooling sub-routine when the net energy accumulation exceeds the threshold value.

9. The cooling system of claim 8, wherein the cooling sub-routine includes adjusting the switch signal to close the automatic electrical switch such that the first resistor grid is exposed to a voltage of the DC link, adjusting the duty cycle of the chopper to regulate the voltage of the DC link, and generating the motor signal to activate the motor.

10. A machine having a hybrid-electric drive system, the hybrid-electric drive system including an engine connected to a generator, a rectifier connected to the generator and to a direct current (DC) link, an inverter connected to the DC link and to at least one drive motor, the machine further comprising:

a first resistor grid connected in series with two automatic switches, each of the two automatic switches disposed between the first resistor grid and the DC link, wherein each automatic switch is responsive to a switch signal;

a second resistor grid connected in series with a chopper and in parallel with the DC link, the chopper disposed between the second resistor grid and the DC link, wherein the chopper is responsive to a duty cycle command;

a motor operating a blower, the motor connected across a portion of the first resistor grid via a motor inverter, wherein the motor is responsive to an activation command;

an electronic controller disposed to generate the switch signal, the duty cycle command, and the activation command when a net energy input into at least one of the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid exceeds a threshold value.

11. The machine of claim 10, wherein the electronic controller is disposed to receive a retarding signal and adjust at least one of the switch signal and the duty cycle command based on the retarding signal.

12. The machine of claim 10, wherein the electronic controller is further disposed to adjust a command that controls the inverter when the machine is in a retarding mode such that a voltage of the DC link is maintained within a desired range when the two automatic switches are closed.

13. The machine of claim 10, wherein the electronic controller is further disposed to perform a calculation of the net energy input, the calculation including at least one of:

a first power input for power dissipated by the first resistor grid;

a second power input for power dissipated by the second resistor grid;

a total power input that is based on at least one of the first power input and the second power input;

a first power output for power consumed by the motor;

a second power output for power dissipated by conduction from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid;

a third power output for power dissipated by free convection from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid;

a fourth power output for power dissipated by forced convection from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid when the motor is active; and

a total power output that is based on at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth power outputs.

14. The machine of claim 13, wherein the second power input is at least partially based on the duty cycle command.

15. The machine of claim 13, wherein the second power output is at least partially based on a temperature of the first and second resistor grids and an ambient temperature.

16. The machine of claim 13, wherein the fourth power output is based on one of the activation command, an output shaft speed of the motor, and a time delay following the activation command.

17. The machine of claim 13, wherein the electronic controller is further disposed to:

calculate a net power difference between the total power input and the total power output;

integrating the net power difference over time to obtain a net energy accumulation;

comparing the net energy accumulation to the threshold value; and

activating a cooling sub-routine when the net energy accumulation exceeds the threshold value.

18. The machine of claim 17, wherein the cooling sub-routine includes adjusting the switch signal to close the two automatic switches such that the first resistor grid is exposed to a voltage of the DC link, adjusting the duty cycle command of the chopper to control the voltage of the DC link, and generating a motor signal to activate the motor.

19. A method of controlling a temperature of one or more resistor grids used to retard an electric drive machine, the method comprising:

evaluating a total power input to the one or more resistor grids;

evaluating a total power output from the one or more resistor grids;

calculating a net power difference for power in the one or more resistor grids by subtracting the total power output from the total power input;

integrating the net power difference over time; and

activating a cooling sub-routine when an integral of the net power difference exceeds a threshold.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein evaluating the total power input includes:

calculating a first power input to a first resistor grid;

calculating a second power input to a second resistor grid;

adding the first power input and the second power input to yield the total power input; and

wherein evaluating the total power output includes;

calculating a first power output for power consumed by a motor that operates a blower and that is disposed to receive power from the first resistor grid;

calculating a second power output for power dissipated by conduction from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid;

calculating a third power output for power dissipated by free convection from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid;

calculating a fourth power output for power dissipated by forced convection from the first resistor grid and the second resistor grid when the motor is active; and

adding the first, second, third, and fourth power outputs to yield the total power output.