METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATED GENERATION OF A FORMAL DESCRIPTION OF A MAGNETIC RESONANCE SYSTEM MEASUREMENT SEQUENCE, USING A SEQUENCE MODEL

• US 20100090694A1
• Filed: 08/28/2009
• Published: 04/15/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 08/28/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Siemens Healthcare GMBH (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Siemens AG
• Inventors: Heid, Oliver, Kluge, Thomas
• Granted Patent: US 8,299,789 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 324/309
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/055 involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/54 Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/543 Control of the operation of the MR system, e.g. setting of acquisition parameters prior to or during MR data acquisition, dynamic shimming, use of one or more scout images for scan plane prescription G01R33/546 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/546 Interface between the MR system and the user, e.g. for controlling the operation of the MR system or for the design of pulse sequences

Abstract

A magnetic resonance sequence model that is a formal description of a measurement sequence is used to automate measurement sequence programming. The sequence model allows a system-independent specification of the measurement sequence for execution in a magnetic resonance scanner. The sequence model is as formal as possible; it is limited to the minimum required information for description of a measurement sequence without limiting the flexibility in the sequence programming. A method for formal description of the measurement sequence describes the measurement sequence by a number of parameters to be parameterized. The parameterization of the measurement sequence can ensue automatically from the formalized description of the measurement sequence, except for a set of parameters that are still be determined. For automatic generation of an executable measurement sequence, the method determines the parameters to be determined using a solver, under consideration of boundary conditions, so that a consistent set of parameters is created that completely describes the measurement sequence. This complete description of parameter values of the measurement sequence is then be translated automatically into a programming language that can be directly executed in the magnetic resonance scanner.

Claims

1. A method for formalized description of a measurement sequence, said measurement sequence being executable by a magnetic resonance scanner, said method comprising the steps of:

formulating a sequence model for a measurement sequence, said sequence model being comprised of blocks selected from the group consisting of a warp block and an X block, and a pause block, and depicting said sequence model as a directed graph comprising at least nodes, edges between said nodes, and properties of said edges for workflow control of the directed graph, said nodes being formed from the group consisting of said X blocks, an entrance point, and an exit point;

providing said sequence model to a processor and, in said processor, automatically parameterizing said measurement sequence using said directed graph, except for a predetermined set of parameters that must still be parameterized; and

making the measurement sequence, parameterized from said directed graph except for said predetermined set of parameters, available from said processor as an output.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising designating said properties of said edges for workflow control from the group consisting of said warp block, a time measurement, said pause block, and a path control.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 comprising, in said processor, permitting only one path control in said directed graph to be fulfilled at a time.

4. A method as claimed in claim 2 comprising selecting each time measurement from the group consisting of a time duration of an X block, a sequence time measured between centers of two of said X blocks, and a sequence start time representing a point in time of a center of a first X block within a measurement sequence.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising selecting said edges from the group consisting of a transition from the entrance point via a path control to a warp block and then to an X block, a transition from an X block via a path control to the exit point, a transition from an X block via a path control to a warp block and then to an X block, a transition from an X block via a path control and a pause to a warp block and then to an X block, and a transition from an X block via a time measurement to an X block.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising defining every X block as a time slice selected from the group consisting of a reception type time slice and a transmission type time slice.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 comprising defining said X block as a transmission type X block representing at least one of an inversion pulse, an excitation pulse, a refocusing pulse, and a hybrid form pulse.

8. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising, in said processor:

automatically determining indices for each X block in said directed graph;

automatically determining variable for each warp block and each X block from the directed graph; and

automatically determining gradient movements of the zeroth order for each center of each X block from said directed graph, each X block being selected from the group consisting of transmission type X blocks and reception type X blocks.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising automatically determining sequence equations in said processor from said directed graph.

10. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising, in said processor, automatically determining, from said directed graph, a path for creation of an echo signal for each X block, each X block being selected from the group consisting of transmission type X blocks and reception type X block, as a series of pulse selected from the group consisting of a series of excitation pulses, a series of refocusing pulses, a series of hybrid form pulses, and a series of inversion pulses.

11. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising, in said processor, automatically determining gradient movements from said directed graph, said gradient moments being of the first order for each center of each X block, each X block being selected from the group consisting of transmission type X blocks and reception type X blocks, said gradient moments allowing flux compensation or flux coding to be introduced into said measurement sequence.

12. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising, in said processor, automatically determining, from said directed graph, diffusions weightings for each X block, each X block being selected from the group consisting of transmission type X blocks and reception type X blocks.

13. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising, in said processor, determining, from said directed graph, gradient moments of an order higher than the first order for each center of each X block, each X block being selected from the group consisting of transmission type X blocks and reception type X blocks.

14. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising, in said processor, determining sub-sequences within said measurement sequence;

and

designating indivisible super blocks within each determined sub-sequence, and representing said indivisible super blocks in a directed graph connected via a sequence time.

15. A method for formalized description of a measurement sequence, said measurement sequence being executable by a magnetic resonance scanner, said method comprising the steps of:

formulating a sequence model for a measurement sequence, said sequence model being comprised of blocks selected from the group consisting of a warp block and an X block, and a pause block, and depicting said sequence model as a directed graph comprising at least nodes, edges between said nodes, and properties of said edges for workflow control of the directed graph, said nodes being formed from the group consisting of said X blocks, an entrance point, and an exit point;

providing said sequence model to a processor and, in said processor, automatically parameterizing said measurement sequence using said directed graph, except for a predetermined set of parameters that must still be parameterized;

making the measurement sequence, parameterized from said directed graph except for said predetermined set of parameters, available from said processor as an output;

providing said measurement sequence parameterized from said directed graph, except for said predetermined set of parameters, to a solver;

providing boundary conditions to said solver that must be satisfied for execution of said measurement sequence by said magnetic resonance scanner;

in said solver, automatically determining, dependent on said boundary conditions, timing values for each warp block and each X block in said measurement sequence, and determining permissible values for said predetermined set of parameters, to generate a complete formal description of said measurement sequence comprising said measurement sequence parameterized from said directed graph, said timing values, and said permissible values for said predetermined set of parameters; and

in said solver, automatically translating said formal description of said measurement sequence into a series of time slices in a form executable by said magnetic resonance scanner, and making said series of time slices available at an output of said solver.

16. A method as claimed in claim 15 comprising, for interleaved execution of multiple measurement sequences by said magnetic resonance scanner, identifying, in said solver, a sub-sequence in a first of said multiple measurement sequences that comprises pauses, and identifying sub-sequences in others of said multiple measurement sequences that are executable, without overlap, during said pauses of said first of said multiple measurement sequences.

17. A method as claimed in claim 15 comprising selecting said boundary conditions from the group consisting of contrast specifications for an image generated by said magnetic resonance scanner, image resolution specifications for an image generated by said magnetic resonance scanner, position specifications for at least one slice to be imaged by said magnetic resonance scanner, hardware limitations of said magnetic resonance scanner, minimization of measurement time for executing said measurement sequence, and patient specifications for a patient to be examined in said magnetic resonance scanner using said measurement sequence.

18. A method as claimed in claim 15 comprising, in said solver, automatically translating said formal description of said measurement sequence into a programming language in a form executable by a control unit associated with said magnetic resonance scanner.

19. A device for formalized description of a measurement sequence, said measurement sequence being executable by a magnetic resonance scanner, said device comprising:

a sequence model interface configured to receive a sequence model for a measurement sequence, said sequence model being comprised of blocks selected from the group consisting of a warp block and an X block, and a pause block;

a processor that generates and depicts said sequence model as a directed graph comprising at least nodes, edges, between said nodes, and properties of said edges for workflow control of the directed graph, said nodes being formed from the group consisting of said X blocks, an entrance point, and an exit point;

said processor comprising a parameterization module that automatically parameterizes said measurement sequence using said directed graph, except for a predetermined set of parameters that must still be parameterized; and

said processor being configured to make the measurement sequence, parameterized from said directed graph except for said predetermined set of parameters, available from said processor as an output.

20. A device for formalized description of a measurement sequence, said measurement sequence being executable by a magnetic resonance scanner, said device comprising the steps of:

a sequence model interface configured to receive a sequence model for a measurement sequence, said sequence model being comprised of blocks selected from the group consisting of a warp block and an X block and a pause block;

a processor that generates and depicts at a monitor associated with said processor, said sequence model as a directed graph comprising at least nodes, edges, between said nodes, and properties of said edges for workflow control of the directed graph, said nodes being formed from the group consisting of said X blocks, an entrance point, and an exit point;

comprising a parameterization module that said processor automatically parameterizes said measurement sequence using said directed graph, except for a predetermined set of parameters that must still be parameterized;

said processor being configured to make the measurement sequence, parameterized from said directed graph except for said predetermined set of parameters, available from said processor as an output;

a solver having a measurement sequence interface configured to receive said measurement sequence parameterized from said directed graph, accept for said predetermined set of parameters, from said processor;

said solver comprising a boundary conditions interface configured to receive boundary conditions that must be satisfied for execution of said measurement sequence by said magnetic resonance scanner;

said solver being configured to automatically determine, dependent on said boundary conditions, timing values for each warp block and each X block in said measurement sequence, and to determine permissible values for said predetermined set of parameters, to generate a complete formal description of said measurement sequence comprising said measurement sequence parameterized from said directed graph, said timing values, and said permissible values for said predetermined set of parameters; and

said solver being configured to automatically translate said formal description of said measurement sequence into a series of time slices in a form executable by said magnetic resonance scanner, and to make said series of time slices available at an output of said solver.

21. A device as claimed in claim 20 comprising at least one additional module selected from the group consisting of:

an indexing module configured to determine indices for each block in said directed graph;

a variable module configured to determine variables for each warp block or each X block from said directed graph;

a sequence equation module configured to determine sequence equations from said directed graph;

an echo path module configured to determine, from said directed graph, a path for creation of an echo signal for each X block, each X block being selected from the group consisting of transmission type X blocks and reception type X blocks, as a series of pulses selected from the group consisting of a series of excitation pulses, a series of refocusing pulses, a series of hybrid form pulses, and a series of inversion pulses;

a gradient moment module configured to determine, from said directed graph, a gradient moment having an order selected from the consisting of the zeroth order, the first order, and an order higher than the first order, for each X block, each X block being selected from the group consisting of transmission type X blocks and reception type X blocks;

a diffusion weighting module configured to determine, from said directed graph, diffusion weightings for each X block, each X block being selected from the group consisting of transmission type X blocks and reception type X blocks;

a limitation module configured to receive multiple measurement sequences to be executed in a limited manner by said magnetic resonance scanner;

a sub-sequence definition module configured to identify at least one sub-sequence comprising pauses within a first measurement sequence in multiple measurement sequences and that determines sub-sequences in other measurement sequences in said multiple measurement sequences allowing interleaved execution of said sub-sequences.

22. A computer-readable medium encoded with programming instructions for formalized description of a measurement sequence, said measurement sequence being executable by a magnetic resonance scanner, said programming instructions causing computerized devices to:

formulate a sequence model for a measurement sequence, said sequence model being comprised of blocks selected from the group consisting of a warp block and an X block, and a pause block, and depict said sequence model as a directed graph comprising at least nodes, edges between said nodes, and properties of said edges for workflow control of the directed graph, said nodes being formed from the group consisting of said X blocks, an entrance point, and an exit point;

automatically parameterize said measurement sequence using said directed graph, except for a predetermined set of parameters that must still be parameterized; and

make the measurement sequence, parameterized from said directed graph except for said predetermined set of parameters, available as an output from one of said computerized devices.

23. A computer-readable medium encoded with program instructions for formalized description of a measurement sequence, said measurement sequence being executable by a magnetic resonance scanner, said method said programming instructions causing computerized devices to:

formulate a sequence model for a measurement sequence, said sequence model being comprised of blocks selected from the group consisting of a warp block and an X block, and a pause block, and depict said sequence model as a directed graph comprising at least nodes, edges between said nodes, and properties of said edges for workflow control of the directed graph, said nodes being formed from the group consisting of said X blocks, an entrance point, and an exit point;

automatically parameterize said measurement sequence using said directed graph, except for a predetermined set of parameters that must still be parameterized;

automatically determine, dependent on said boundary conditions, timing values for each warp block and each X block in said measurement sequence, and determining permissible values for said predetermined set of parameters, to generate a complete formal description of said measurement sequence comprising said measurement sequence parameterized from said directed graph, said timing values, and said permissible values for said predetermined set of parameters; and

automatically translate said formal description of said measurement sequence into a series of time slices in a form executable by said magnetic resonance scanner, and make said series of time slices available at an output from one of said computerized devices.

24. A magnetic resonance system comprising:

a magnetic resonance scanner having a control unit;

a sequence model interface configured to receive a sequence model for a measurement sequence executable by said magnetic resonance scanner, said sequence model being comprised of blocks selected from the group consisting of a warp block and an X block and a pause block;

a processor that generates and depicts at a monitor associated with said processor, said sequence model as a directed graph comprising at least nodes, edges, between said nodes, and properties of said edges for workflow control of the directed graph, said nodes being formed from the group consisting of said X blocks, an entrance point, and an exit point;

comprising a parameterization module that said processor automatically parameterizes said measurement sequence using said directed graph, except for a predetermined set of parameters that must still be parameterized;

said processor being configured to make the measurement sequence, parameterized from said directed graph except for said predetermined set of parameters, available from said processor as an output;

a solver having a measurement sequence interface configured to receive said measurement sequence parameterized from said directed graph, accept for said predetermined set of parameters, from said processor;

said solver comprising a boundary conditions interface configured to receive boundary conditions that must be satisfied for execution of said measurement sequence by said magnetic resonance scanner;

said solver being configured to automatically determine, dependent on said boundary conditions, timing values for each warp block and each X block in said measurement sequence, and to determine permissible values for said predetermined set of parameters, to generate a complete formal description of said measurement sequence comprising said measurement sequence parameterized from said directed graph, said timing values, and said permissible values for said predetermined set of parameters;

said solver being configured to automatically translate said formal description of said measurement sequence into a series of time slices in a form executable by said magnetic resonance scanner, and to supply said series of time slices in said form to said control unit; and

said control unit operating said magnetic resonance scanner according to the time slices supplied thereto by said solver.