WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER WITH HIGH-Q SIMILAR RESONANT FREQUENCY RESONATORS

• US 20100096934A1
• Filed: 12/23/2009
• Published: 04/22/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 07/12/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Karalis, Aristeidis, Soljacic, Marin, Joannopoulos, John D.
• Granted Patent: US 8,400,022 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 307/104
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/04 Resonant antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/40 using two or more transmitting or receiving devices H02J50/50 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0064 Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/01 Resonant DC/DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/0037 for power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

Described herein are embodiments of transferring electromagnetic energy that includes providing a first electromagnetic resonator structure receiving energy from an external power supply, said first resonator structure having a first mode with a resonant frequency ω₁, an intrinsic loss rate Γ₁, and a first Q-factor Q₁=ω₁/(2Γ₁), providing a second electromagnetic resonator structure being positioned distal from said first resonator structure and not electrically wired to the first resonator structure, said second resonator structure having a second mode with a resonant frequency ω₂, an intrinsic loss rate Γ₂, and a second Q-factor Q₂=ω₂/(2Γ₂), and transferring electromagnetic energy from said first resonator structure to said second resonator structure over a distance D that may be smaller than each of the resonant wavelengths λ₁ and λ₂ corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω₁ and ω₂, respectively. The electromagnetic resonator structures may be designed to have Q₁>100 and Q₂>100. The absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω₁ and ω₂ may be smaller than the magnitude of the coupling rate, κ.

Claims

1. A method of transferring electromagnetic energy comprising:

providing a first electromagnetic resonator structure receiving energy from an external power supply, said first resonator structure having a first mode with a resonant frequency ω

₁, an intrinsic loss rate Γ

1, and a first Q-factor Q₁=ω

₁/(2Γ

₁);

providing a second electromagnetic resonator structure being positioned distal from said first resonator structure and not electrically wired to the first resonator structure, said second resonator structure having a second mode with a resonant frequency ω

₂, an intrinsic loss rate Γ

2, and a second Q-factor Q₂=ω

₂/(2Γ

₂); and

transferring electromagnetic energy from said first resonator structure to said second resonator structure over a distance D that is smaller than each of the resonant wavelengths λ

₁ and λ

₂ corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω

₁ and ω

₂, respectively,

wherein the electromagnetic resonator structures are designed to have Q₁>

100 and Q₂>

100; and

wherein the absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω

₁ and ω

₂ is smaller than the magnitude of the coupling rate, κ

.

2. A system of transferring electromagnetic energy comprising:

a first electromagnetic resonator structure receiving energy from an external power supply, said first resonator structure having a first mode with a resonant frequency ω

₁, an intrinsic loss rate Γ

₁, and a first Q-factor Q₁=ω

₁/(2Γ

₁); and

a second electromagnetic resonator structure being positioned distal from said first resonator structure and not electrically wired to the first resonator structure, said second resonator structure having a second mode with a resonant frequency ω

₂an intrinsic loss rate Γ

₂, and a second Q-factor Q₂=ω

₂/(2Γ

₂),

wherein electromagnetic energy is transferred from said first resonator structure to said second resonator structure over a distance D that is smaller than each of the resonant wavelengths λ

₁ and λ

₂ corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω

₁ and ω

₂, respectively,

wherein the electromagnetic resonator structures are designed to have Q₁>

100 and Q₂>

100,

wherein the absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω

₁ and ω

₂ is smaller than the magnitude of the coupling rate, κ

.