Atmospheric molecular respirator

• US 20100111792A1
• Filed: 09/21/2009
• Published: 05/06/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/19/2008
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Edward D. Nelson
• Original Assignee: Edward D. Nelson
• Inventors: Nelson, Edward D.
• Application Number:
  US12/586,381
• Publication Number:
  US 20100111792A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 423/219
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/102 Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/106 Ozone
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/302 Sulfur oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/404 Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/502 Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4508 for cleaning air in buildings
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/804 UV light
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/007 by irradiation
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/04 with stationary adsorbents B01D53/025 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/121 Coherent waves, e.g. laser beams lasers per se H01S3/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/123 Ultraviolet light
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/0229 Purification or separation processes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/10 Preparation of ozone
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2210/0046 Nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2210/005 Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2210/0051 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2210/0071 Sulfur oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2210/0075 Nitrogen oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2210/0098 Other impurities
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 : of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/151 : Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Abstract

An apparatus for removing contaminants from air, including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. In one of the chambers of a multi-chambered enclosure, polluted inlet air is exposed to one or more first light sources emitting light at wavelengths less than or equal to 242.3 nm to cause dissociation of contaminant molecules, creating ozone plus remaining atoms. The remaining atoms are largely filtered by activated charcoal filters having an appropriate thickness which is sized to achieve suitable dwell times, and which also serves as an oxygen rich medium permitting the ozone generated to undergo atomic rearrangement, whereby ozone molecules (O₃) and atomic oxygen atoms (O) form oxygen molecules (O₂). In another downstream chamber, the air flow is exposed to one or more second light sources emitting light at wavelengths greater than 242.3 nm but less than 280 nm, causing conversion of remaining ozone into oxygen molecules.

Claims

1. An apparatus for removing contaminants from air, said apparatus comprising at least a first chamber, said first chamber comprising one or more first light sources, said one or more first light sources providing light at wavelengths of less than or equal to 242.3 nm;

a filter; and

a second chamber, said second chamber comprising one or more second light sources, said one or more second light sources providing light at wavelengths of greater than 242.3 nm but less than or equal to 280 nm, said second chamber with said one or more second light sources being located downstream of said filter.

2. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 1 wherein said filter comprises an activated charcoal filter, said activated charcoal filter having a handle for removal of said filter from said apparatus.

3. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 1 wherein said one or more first light sources comprises a mercury arc lamp.

4. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 1 wherein said one or more first light sources comprises a laser.

5. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 2 wherein said apparatus includes a blower.

6. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 2 wherein said apparatus includes one or more sensors in said one or more chambers.

7. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 6 wherein said one or more sensors is capable of measuring one or more of the pollution levels, air flow rate, velocity, temperature, relative humidity, and inlet pressure.

8. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 7 wherein said apparatus further comprises a series of air dispersible baffles.

9. An apparatus for removing contaminants from air, said apparatus comprising a first chamber, said first chamber comprising one or more walls, said first chamber including an inlet port, and a first activated charcoal filter;

said first activated charcoal filter interconnecting said first chamber to a second chamber, said second chamber comprising one or more walls;

said second chamber further comprising one or more first light sources, said one or more first light source emitting light at wavelengths of less than or equal to 242.3 nm to cause dissociation of contaminant molecules to create ozone and remaining atoms;

said second chamber including a second activated charcoal filter;

said second activated charcoal filter acting to filter said remaining atoms;

said second activated charcoal filter also permitting atomic rearrangement of ozone into oxygen molecules;

said second activated charcoal filter interconnecting said second chamber to a third chamber, said third chamber comprising one or more walls, said second activated charcoal filter comprising one of said plurality of walls of said third chamber;

said third chamber further comprising one or more second light sources, said one or more second light sources emitting light at wavelengths greater than 242.3 nm but less than 280 nm to cause conversion of ozone into oxygen molecules;

said third chamber further comprising a third activated charcoal filter;

said third activated charcoal filter interconnecting said third chamber to a fourth chamber, said fourth chamber comprising one or more wall, including an outlet port.

10. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 9 wherein said first chamber is adjacent to said fourth chamber and wherein said first chamber and said fourth chamber are completely separated by a baffle plate;

and said second chamber is adjacent to said third chamber, and wherein, said second chamber and said third chamber are completely separated by said baffle plate.

11. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 9 wherein said one or more first light sources and said one or more second light sources comprises a mercury arc lamp.

12. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 9 wherein said one or more first light sources and said one or more second light sources comprises a laser.

13. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 9 wherein said apparatus includes a blower.

14. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 11 wherein said apparatus includes one or more sensors in said first chamber.

15. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 14 wherein said apparatus includes one or more sensors in said fourth chamber.

16. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 15 wherein said one or more sensors is capable of measuring one or more of the pollution levels, air flow rate, velocity, temperature, relative humidity, and inlet pressure in said first chamber and said fourth chamber.

17. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 16 wherein said apparatus further comprises a series of air-dispersing baffles.

18. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 17 wherein said activated charcoal filter includes a handle for removal of said filter from said apparatus.

19. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 18 wherein said apparatus further comprises a pivotally mounted plate, said pivotally mounted plate occupying a first position to form one of said one or more walls of said fourth chamber, said pivotally mounted plate capable of rotating to a second position wherein said outlet port is blocked;

said apparatus further comprising a fifth chamber, said fifth chamber being connected to said fourth chamber when said pivotally mounted plate is in said second position, said fifth chamber being interconnected to a sixth chamber by an activated charcoal filter, said sixth chamber being adjacent to said second chamber and being thereby separated by a liner, said liner being non-air-permeable and said liner being opaque to said light at wavelengths of less than or equal to 242.3 nm;

said sixth chamber interconnecting to a seventh chamber by an activated charcoal filter, said seventh chamber being adjacent to said third chamber and being thereby separated by a second liner, said second liner being non-air-permeable and said second liner being opaque to said light at wavelengths greater than 242.3 nm but less than 280 nm, said seventh chamber interconnecting to an eighth chamber have an outlet port.

20. An apparatus for removing contaminants from air, said apparatus comprising one or more exterior walls, and a first end and a second end;

said first end comprising an end wall with an inlet port;

said one or more exterior walls further comprising a first activated charcoal filter disposed between said first end and said second end;

said one or more exterior walls further comprising a first light source, said first light source being disposed between said first activated charcoal filter and said second end, said first light source emitting light at wavelengths of less than or equal to 242.3 nm to cause dissociation of contaminant molecules to create ozone and remaining atoms;

said one or more exterior walls further comprising a second activated charcoal filter, said second activated charcoal filter being disposed between said first light source and said second end, said second activated charcoal filter acting to filter said remaining atoms;

said second activated charcoal filter also permitting atomic rearrangement of ozone into oxygen molecules;

said one or more exterior walls further comprising a second light source, said second light source being disposed between said second activated charcoal filter and said second end, said second light source emitting light at wavelengths greater than 242.3 nm but less than 280 nm to cause conversion of ozone into oxygen;

said one or more exterior walls further comprising a third activated charcoal filter, said third activated charcoal filter being disposed between said second light source and said second end, said third activated charcoal filter acting to further filter said remaining atoms;

said second end comprising a wall with an outlet port.

21. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 20 wherein said one or more exterior walls comprises a cylindrical-shaped wall.

22. The apparatus for purifying air according to claim 20 wherein said one or more exterior walls comprises four orthogonal walls that form a rectangular cross-section.

23. A method of purifying air comprising the steps of:

(a) passing contaminated air through an activated charcoal filter;

(b) illuminating the air using a light source emitting wavelengths of light that are less than 242.3 nm to cause dissociation of contaminant molecules into ozone and remaining atoms;

(c) passing the air flow through a second activated charcoal filter to permit molecular rearrangement of said ozone into oxygen molecules, and to scrub said remaining atoms from the air flow;

(d) illuminating the air flow using a light source that emits wavelengths of light that are greater than 242.3 nm but less than 280 nm, to cause conversion of said ozone into oxygen molecules;

(e) passing the air flow through an activated charcoal filter.