WATERMARK ENCODING AND DETECTION USING NARROW BAND ILLUMINATION

• US 20100142003A1
• Filed: 12/05/2008
• Published: 06/10/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/05/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Bala, Raja, Loce, Robert P., Braun, Karen M.
• Granted Patent: US 8,064,100 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 358/3.280
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32309 in colour image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32352 Controlling detectability or arrangements to facilitate detection or retrieval of the embedded information, e.g. using markers for decoding, detection or retrieval operations H04N1/32149 and subgroups take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3271 Printing or stamping
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 283/902 Anti-photocopy

Abstract

A system is employed to reveal a watermark in a document. A watermark generator is utilized to select the placement and at least one colorant combination of an image and at least one colorant combination for a watermark on a document, where the at least one colorant combination of the image and the watermark form a metameric pair. A printing system receives data from the watermark generator and places the image and the watermark on the document. A decoder comprising a narrow band illumination element is selected or tuned to a wavelength corresponding to the colorant combinations utilized by the printing system to reveal the watermark placed thereon.

Claims

1. A system to reveal a watermark in a document, comprising:

a watermark generator that is utilized to select the placement and at least one colorant combination of an image and at least one colorant combination for a watermark on a document, where the at least one colorant combination of the image and the watermark form a metameric pair;

a printing system that receives data from the watermark generator and places the image and the watermark on the document; and

a decoder comprising a narrow band illumination element that is selected or tuned to a wavelength corresponding to the colorant combinations utilized by the printing system to reveal the watermark placed thereon.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the narrow band illumination is at least one of a light emitting diode, a laser, a fluorescent light source, a light source filtered to be narrow band by a filter, grating, or prism.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the metameric pair is created by finding two CMYK combinations that produce at least a similar CIELAB value for a particular illuminant.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the colorant combination of one of the image and the watermark is created with the minimum allowable black (K) for gray color replacement and the colorant combination of the other of the image and the watermark is created with the maximum allowable black (K) for gray color replacement.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein for a given set of printing colorants, the LED peak wavelength for the decoder is determined via a function F(λ

)=∫

D(λ

′

)V(λ

′

)L(λ

−

λ

′

)dλ

′

, where D(λ

)=R₁(λ

)−

R₂(λ

), R₁ and R₂ are the spectral reflectance functions for a metameric reflectance pair, V(λ

) is the photopic luminous efficiency function that describes the sensitivity of a human visual system to electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength λ

, and L(λ

) is a function whose shape is that of an LED spectral power distribution shifted to a peak wavelength of 0.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the SPD of the illumination source is concentrated in one or more wavelength bands within which the difference between the reflectance spectra of the metameric pair is most pronounced, so as to produce optimal distinction.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the decoder is an image acquisition device that captures an electronic image of the document enabling the watermark to be revealed.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the printing system directly derives pairs of binary dot patterns that exhibit a metameric property when printed.

9. The system according to claim 8 wherein the pairs of binary dot patterns are obtained using the same halftoning scheme.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the printing system utilizes a masking texture when placing the image and the watermark into the document.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein a metameric pair is created by modifying the gray component replacement of the colorant combination used to produce the watermark to be different from the gray component replacement of the colorant combination used to produce the image.

12. A method to decode a printed watermark, comprising:

deriving at least one colorant combination of an image and at least one colorant combination for a watermark on a document, where the at least one colorant combination of the image and the watermark form a metameric pair;

selecting a visible narrow band illumination whose spectral power distribution maximizes the visual distinction between the image and the document; and

,

utilizing said visible narrow band illumination to decode a printed watermark generated from the image.

13. The method according to claim 13, wherein the narrow band illumination is at least one of a light emitting diode, a laser, a fluorescent light source, a light source filtered to be narrow band by a filter, grating, or prism, a scanner or a color sensor.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein a spectral power distribution of the narrow band illumination corresponds to the at least one colorant combination used to place the watermark.

15. The method according to claim 19, wherein the narrow band illumination is an LED scanner, the peak wavelengths of the metameric pair have opposing polarities, wherein at least one of a sum and a difference of the peak wavelengths are used to increase strength of signal associated with the decoded watermark.

16. The method according to claim 19, wherein the watermark strength for the metameric pair is calculated as |Y₁−

Y₂|, where Y₁=∫

R₁(λ

)×

S(λ

)×

V(λ

)dλ and

Y₂=∫

R₂(λ

)×

S(λ

)×

V(λ

)dλ

, where R₁ and R₂ are the spectral reflectances of the metameric pair, S is the spectral power distribution of the narrow band illumination, and V(λ

) is the spectral luminous efficiency function.

17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the narrow band illumination can be tuned or varied to vary the wavelength of light emitted to reveal one or more disparate colorant combinations.

18. The method according to claim 13, wherein information is extracted from the watermark subsequent to the reveal of the watermark via the narrow band illumination.

19. The method according to claim 13, wherein selection of the at least one metameric colorant combination utilized to place the watermark and the image is based upon the bandwidth of the narrow band illumination.

20. A method for generating a printed watermark, comprising:

selecting at least one colorant mixture/pattern for printing;

deriving a second colorant mixture/pattern with the property of appearing substantially similar to the first mixture/pattern under broadband illumination, but distinct from the first mixture/pattern under a selected visible narrow band illumination; and

printing the two colorant mixtures/patterns in close spatial proximity to produce a watermark that is concealed under broadband illumination and revealed under the visible narrow band illumination.