MODIFYING A CODED BITSTREAM
First Claim
1. A method comprising:
- accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; and
determining an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference, wherein the alternative value is for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data.
3 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
Various implementations are provided for, for example, determining watermarking data, performing the watermarking, and processing watermarked data. At least one implementation watermarks AVC bitstream that uses CAVLC entropy coding. The watermarking data may be determined in a pre-processing stage and stored for later use in watermark a bitstream. One method accesses variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image. The encoding of the information has a particular value. The method determines an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference. The alternative value is for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data.
174 Citations
56 Claims
-
1. A method comprising:
-
accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; and determining an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference, wherein the alternative value is for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
-
-
19. An apparatus comprising:
-
an entropy decoder to decode variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; and a watermark generator, coupled to the entropy decoder, to determine an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference, wherein the alternative value is for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data. - View Dependent Claims (20)
-
-
21. An apparatus comprising:
-
means for accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; and means for determining an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference, wherein the alternative value is for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data.
-
-
22. A processor configured to perform at least the following:
-
accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; and determining an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference, wherein the alternative value is for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data.
-
-
23. A processor-readable medium having stored thereon instructions for performing at least the following:
-
accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; and determining an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference, wherein the alternative value is for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data.
-
-
24. A processor-readable medium having watermark data stored thereon,
the watermark data for use in watermarking variable-length encoded data that includes an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value, and the watermark data including an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference, the alternative value being a substitute for the particular value for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data.
-
26. A signal formatted to include watermark data for use in watermarking variable-length encoded data that includes an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value,
the watermark data including an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference, the alternative value being a substitute for the particular value for use in watermarking the variable-length encoded data.
-
27. A method comprising:
-
accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; accessing an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference; and inserting the alternative value into the variable-length encoded data as a substitute for the particular value to watermark the image.
-
-
28. The method of 27 wherein:
-
accessing the variable-length encoded data occurs in response to a request for presentation of the variable-length encoded data, and processing operations to determine the alternative value have been performed prior to the accessing of the variable-length encoded data, such that upon receiving the request for presentation of the variable-length encoded data and subsequently accessing the variable-length encoded data, the alternative value may be inserted without needing to determine the alternative value.
-
-
29. The method of 27 further comprising performing processing operations to determine the alternative value, prior to accessing the alternative value.
-
30. An apparatus comprising a stream modification unit configured to perform at least the following:
-
accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; accessing an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference; and inserting the alternative value into the variable-length encoded data as a substitute for the particular value to watermark the image. - View Dependent Claims (31)
-
-
32. An apparatus comprising:
-
means for accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; means for accessing an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference; and means for inserting the alternative value into the variable-length encoded data as a substitute for the particular value to watermark the image.
-
-
33. A processor configured to perform at least the following:
-
accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; accessing an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference; and inserting the alternative value into the variable-length encoded data as a substitute for the particular value to watermark the image.
-
-
34. A processor-readable medium having stored thereon instructions for performing at least the following:
-
accessing variable-length encoded data including an encoding of information identifying an actual reference used to predictively encode an image, the encoding of the information having a particular value; accessing an alternative value that is different from the particular value, such that the alternative value is an encoding of alternative information that identifies a different reference from the actual reference; and inserting the alternative value into the variable-length encoded data as a substitute for the particular value to watermark the image.
-
- 35. A processor-readable medium having stored thereon variable-length encoded data for an encoding of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from the actual reference used to predictively encode the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provides a watermark for the image.
-
37. A signal formatted to include variable-length encoded data for an encoding of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from the actual reference used to predictively encode the image, the alternative reference providing a watermark for the image.
-
38. A method comprising:
decoding variable-length encoded data for an encoding of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from an actual reference used in predictively encoding the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provides a watermark for the image. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41)
-
42. An apparatus comprising a decoder configured to decode variable-length encoded data for an encoding of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from an actual reference used in predictively encoding the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provides a watermark for the image.
-
43. An apparatus comprising:
means for decoding variable-length encoded data for an encoding of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from an actual reference used in predictively encoding the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provides a watermark for the image. - View Dependent Claims (44)
-
45. A processor configured to decode variable-length encoded data for an encoding of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from an actual reference used in predictively encoding the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provides a watermark for the image.
-
46. A processor-readable medium having stored thereon instructions for decoding variable-length encoded data for an encoding of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from an actual reference used in predictively encoding the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provides a watermark for the image.
-
47. A processor-readable medium having stored thereon a pixel-domain image that includes a detectable feature arising from a watermark of a variable-length encoding of one or more syntax elements from a predictive encoding of the image, the variable-length encoding having included an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from an actual reference used in predictively encoding the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provided the watermark for the image.
-
48. A method comprising providing for display a pixel-domain image that includes a detectable feature arising from a watermark of a variable-length encoding of one or more syntax elements from a predictive encoding of the image, the variable-length encoding having included an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from an actual reference used in predictively encoding the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provided the watermark for the image.
-
49. A method comprising:
-
variable-length encoding a predictive encoding of a watermarked version of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an indicator of a current reference used in encoding the watermarked version of the image and an indicator of a resulting residue, the watermarked version of the image having a detectable characteristic that provides a watermark, wherein the detectable characteristic results from (1) modifying a previous variable-length encoding of a previous predictive-encoding of the image, the previous predictive-encoding being based on a previous reference and including information identifying the previous reference, wherein the modifying includes distorting the information in order to indicate an alternative reference and to provide the detectable characteristic for the image, and (2) decoding the previous variable-length encoding and the previous predictive-encoding of the image to produce the watermarked version of the image in which the detectable characteristic is present.
-
-
50. A processor-readable medium having stored thereon:
-
variable-length encoded data from a variable-length encoding of a predictive encoding of a watermarked version of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an indicator of a current reference used in encoding the watermarked version of the image and an indicator of a resulting residue, the watermarked version of the image having a detectable characteristic that provides a watermark, wherein the detectable characteristic results from (1) modifying a previous variable-length encoding of a previous predictive-encoding of the image, the previous predictive-encoding being based on a previous reference and including information identifying the previous reference, wherein the modifying includes distorting the information in order to indicate an alternative reference and to provide the detectable characteristic for the image, and (2) decoding the previous variable-length encoding and the previous predictive-encoding of the image to produce the watermarked version of the image in which the detectable characteristic is present.
-
-
51. A method comprising decoding variable-length encoded data from a variable-length encoding of a predictive encoding of a watermarked version of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an indicator of a current reference used in encoding the watermarked version of the image and an indicator of a resulting residue, the watermarked version of the image having a detectable characteristic that provides a watermark,
wherein the detectable characteristic results from (1) modifying a previous variable-length encoding of a previous predictive-encoding of the image, the previous predictive-encoding being based on a previous reference and including information identifying the previous reference, wherein the modifying includes distorting the information in order to indicate an alternative reference and to provide the detectable characteristic for the image, and (2) decoding the previous variable-length encoding and the previous predictive-encoding of the image to produce the watermarked version of the image in which the detectable characteristic is present.
-
52. A processor-readable medium having stored thereon pixel-domain image data resulting from decoding variable-length encoded data from a variable-length encoding of a predictive encoding of a watermarked version of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an indicator of a current reference used in encoding the watermarked version of the image and an indicator of a resulting residue, the watermarked version of the image having a detectable characteristic that provides a watermark,
wherein the detectable characteristic results from (1) modifying a previous variable-length encoding of a previous predictive-encoding of the image, the previous predictive-encoding being based on a previous reference and including information identifying the previous reference, wherein the modifying includes distorting the information in order to indicate an alternative reference and to provide the detectable characteristic for the image, and (2) decoding the previous variable-length encoding and the previous predictive-encoding of the image to produce the watermarked version of the image in which the detectable characteristic is present.
-
53. A method comprising providing for display pixel-domain image data resulting from decoding variable-length encoded data from a variable-length encoding of a predictive encoding of a watermarked version of an image, the variable-length encoded data comprising an indicator of a current reference used in encoding the watermarked version of the image and an indicator of a resulting residue, the watermarked version of the image having a detectable characteristic that provides a watermark,
wherein the detectable characteristic results from (1) modifying a previous variable-length encoding of a previous predictive-encoding of the image, the previous predictive-encoding being based on a previous reference and including information identifying the previous reference, wherein the modifying includes distorting the information in order to indicate an alternative reference and to provide the detectable characteristic for the image, and (2) decoding the previous variable-length encoding and the previous predictive-encoding of the image to produce the watermarked version of the image in which the detectable characteristic is present.
-
54. A method comprising:
-
accessing information that identifies a location in variable-length encoded data at which a variable-length encoding of information is located, the information identifying one of at least two references associated with a predictive encoding of an image; accessing the encoding of the information at the location in the variable-length encoded data; determining, based on the encoding of the information, which of the at least two references is identified; and determining payload information based on a result of determining which of the at least two references, is identified. - View Dependent Claims (55)
-
-
56. A method comprising:
-
accessing a pixel-domain image that includes a detectable feature arising from a watermark of a variable-length encoding of one or more syntax elements from a predictive encoding of the image, the variable-length encoding having included an encoding of information identifying an alternative reference that is different from an actual reference used in predictively encoding the image, wherein the information identifying the alternative reference provided the watermark for the image. accessing detection metadata indicating a location in the pixel-domain image at which the detectable feature is located; analyzing the pixel-domain image at the location to determine a value for the detectable feature; accessing additional detection metadata indicating a comparison value for the detectable feature; comparing the determined value for the detectable feature with the comparison value; and determining payload information based on a result of the comparing.
-
Specification