METALLIC SURFACE ENHANCEMENT

• US 20100151263A1
• Filed: 04/18/2008
• Published: 06/17/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/18/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: MacDermid Enthone Inc. (Element Solutions Inc)
• Original Assignee: Enthone Incorporated (Element Solutions Inc)
• Inventors: Fan, Chonglun, Abys, Joseph A., Sun, Shenliang, Kudrak, Edward J. JR., Wang, Cai
• Granted Patent: US 8,741,390 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 428/457
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 22/03 containing phosphorus compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C23F 11/10 using organic inhibitors
• CPC Class Codes: C23F 11/149 Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen as hetero atom
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 2203/124 Heterocyclic organic compounds, e.g. azole, furan
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 3/282 for inhibiting the corrosion of the circuit, e.g. for preserving the solderability
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12611 Oxide-containing component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12903 Cu-base component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/26 Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31678 Of metal

Abstract

A method and composition for enhancing corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and contact resistance of a device comprising a copper or copper alloy substrate and at least one metal-based layer on a surface of the substrate. The composition comprises a phosphorus oxide compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid, a phosphonate salt, a phosphonate ester, a phosphoric acid, a phosphate salt, a phosphate ester, and mixtures thereof; an organic compound comprising a nitrogen-containing functional group; and a solvent having a surface tension less than about 50 dynes/cm as measured at 25° C.

Claims

1. (canceled)

13-14. -14. (canceled)

19-24. -24. (canceled)

29-31. -31. (canceled)

34. (canceled)

35. A method for enhancing the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and contact resistance of a device comprising a copper or copper alloy substrate and at least one metal-based layer on a surface of the substrate, the method comprising

exposing the device to the composition comprising:

a phosphorus oxide compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid, a phosphonate salt, a phosphonate ester, a phosphoric acid, a phosphate salt, a phosphate ester, and mixtures thereof;

an organic compound comprising a nitrogen-containing functional group selected from the group consisting of amine, aromatic heterocycle comprising nitrogen, and a combination thereof; and

a solvent having a surface tension less than about 50 dynes/cm as measured at 25°

C. wherein the solvent comprises water and a surfactant.

2. The method of claim 35 wherein the phosphorus oxide compound has the structure (I):

wherein R₁ is a hydrocarbyl having between one and 24 carbon atoms; and

R₂ and R₃ are each independently or together hydrogen, a charge balancing cation, or a hydrocarbyl having between one carbon atom and four carbon atoms.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the phosphorus oxide compound is selected from the group consisting of methylphosphonic acid, dimethylphosphinic acid, ethylphosphonic acid, n-propylphosphonic acid, isopropylphosphonic acid, n-butylphosphonic acid, iso-butylphosphonic acid, tert-butylphosphonic acid, pentylphosphonic acids, hexylphosphonic acids, heptylphosphonic acids, n-octylphosphonic acid, n-decyl phosphonic acid, n-dodecyl phosphonic acid, (12-Phosphonododecyl)phosphonic acid, n-tetradecyl phosphonic acid, n-hexadecyl phosphonic acid, n-octadecyl phosphonic acid, diisooctylphosphinic acid, salts thereof, esters thereof, and combinations thereof.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the phosphorus oxide compound is selected from the group consisting of methylenediphosphonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid, phenyl phosphonic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid, (2-isopropylphenyl)phosphonic acid, benzyl phosphonic acid, (ortho-tolyl)phosphonic acid, (meta-tolyl)phosphonic acid, (para-tolyl)phosphonic acid, (4-ethylphenyl)phosphonic acid, (2,3-xylyl)phosphonic acid, (2,4-xylyl)phosphonic acid, (2,5-xylyl)phosphonic acid, (3,4-xylyl)phosphonic acid, (3,5-xylyl)phosphonic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, 3-phosphonopropionic acid, 6-phosphonohexanoic acid, 11-phosphonoundecanoic acid, 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid, salts thereof, esters thereof, and combinations thereof.

5. The method of claim 35 wherein the phosphorus oxide compound has the structure (II):

wherein R₁ is a hydrocarbyl having between one and 24 carbon atoms; and

R₂ and R₃ are each independently or together hydrogen, a charge balancing cation, or a hydrocarbyl having between one carbon atom and four carbon atoms.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the phosphorus oxide compound is selected from the group consisting of ethylphosphoric acid, diethyl phosphate, n-propylphosphoric acid, isopropylphosphoric acid, diisopropyl phosphate, n-butylphosphoric acid, dibutyl phosphate, tert-butylphosphoric acid, triisobutylphosphate, pentylphosphoric acids, hexylphosphoric acids, heptylphosphoric acids, n-octylphosphoric acid, n-decyl phosphoric acid, n-undecyl phosphoric acid, n-dodecyl phosphoric acid, n-tridecyl phosphoric acid, n-tetradecyl phosphoric acid, n-hexadecyl phosphoric acid, n-octadecyl phosphoric acid, allyl phosphate, phenyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, 1-naphthyl phosphate, 2-naphthyl phosphate, salts thereof, esters thereof, and combinations thereof.

7. The method of claim 35 wherein the organic compound comprising a nitrogen-containing functional group is the amine and has the structure (III):

wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃ are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl having between one carbon atom and about 24 carbon atoms, and at least one of R₁, R₂, and R₃ is a hydrocarbyl having between one carbon atom and about 24 carbon atoms.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the amine is a primary amine selected from the group consisting of aminoethane, 1-aminopropane, 2-aminopropane, 1-aminobutane, 2-aminobutane, 1-amino-2-methylpropane, 2-amino-2-methylpropane, 1-aminopentane, 2-aminopentane, 3-aminopentane, neo-pentylamine, 1-aminohexane, 1-aminoheptane, 2-aminoheptane, 1-aminooctane, 2-aminooctane, 1-aminononane, 1-aminodecane, 1-aminododecane, 1-aminotridecane, 1-aminotetradecane, 1-aminopentadecane, 1-aminohexadecane, 1-aminoheptadecane, 1-aminooctadecane, and combinations thereof.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the amine is a secondary amine selected from the group consisting of diethylamine, dipropylamines, dibutylamines, dipentylamines, dihexylamines, diheptylamines, dioctylamines, dinonylamines, didecylamines, diundecylamines, didodecylamines, ditridecylamines, ditetradecylamines, dihexadecylamines, dioctadecylamines, and combinations thereof.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein the amine is a tertiary amine selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, tripropylamines, tributylamines, tripentylamine, trihexylamines, triheptylamines, trioctylamines, trinonylamines, tridecylamines, triundecylamines, tridodecylamines, tritridecylamines, tritetradecylamines, trihexadecylamines, trioctadecylamines, and combinations thereof.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein the amine is a selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, 2-(Diisopropylamino)ethylamine, N,N′

-Diethylethylenediamine, N-Isopropylethylenediamine, N-Methylethylenediamine, N,N-Dimethylethylenediamine, 1-dimethylamino-2-propylamine, 3-(Dibutylamino)propylamine, 3-(Diethylamino)propylamine, 3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propylamine, 3-(Methylamino)propylamine, N-Methyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N,N-Diethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and others.

12. The method of claim 35 wherein the organic compound comprising a nitrogen-containing functional group is the aromatic heterocycle comprising nitrogen and has the following structure (IV):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, and R₅ is an atom selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen wherein between one and four of the R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, and R₅ groups are nitrogen and between one and four of the R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, and R₅ groups are carbon; and

R₁₁, R₂₂, R₃₃, R₄₄, and R₅₅ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein the aromatic heterocycle comprising nitrogen is selected from the group consisting of pyrrole (1H-azole);

imidazole(1,3-diazole);

pyrazole(1,2-diazole);

1,2,3-triazole;

1,2,4-triazole;

tetrazole;

isoindole;

benzimidazole(1,3-benzodiazole);

indazole(1,2-benzodiazole);

1H-benzotriazole;

2H-benzotriazole;

imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine;

indole(1H-Benzo[b]pyrrole);

purine(7H-Imidazo(4,5-d)pyrimidine);

pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine;

Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine;

derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein the aromatic heterocycle comprising nitrogen is selected from the group consisting of imidazole(1,3-diazole), benzimidazole(1,3-benzodiazole), 1H-benzotriazole, and 2H-benzotriazole.

17. The method of claim 35 wherein a concentration of the phosphorus oxide compound is between about 0.1% by weight and about 5% by weight and a concentration of the aromatic heterocycle comprising nitrogen is between about 0.1% by weight and about 1.0% by weight.

18. The method of claim 35 wherein the solvent has a surface tension less than about 40 dynes/cm as measured at 25°

C.

25. The method of claim 35 wherein the surfactant comprises a polyether, an ethoxylated glycerol ester, a sulfate ester, and combinations thereof.

26. The method of claim 35 wherein the composition further comprises a thiol having the following general structure (V):

R₁—

S—

H  

 

Structure (V)

wherein R₁ is a hydrocarbyl having from one carbon atom to about 24 carbon atoms, an aryl having from about five to about fourteen carbon atoms, or an arylhydrocarbyl wherein the hydrocarbyl has from one carbon atom to about 24 carbon atoms and the aryl has from about five to about fourteen carbon atoms.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein R₁ is the hydrocarbyl and the thiol is selected from the group consisting of ethanethiol;

1-propanethiol;

2-propanethiol;

2-propene-1-thiol;

1-butanethiol;

2-butanethiol;

2-methyl-1-propanethiol;

2-methyl-2-propanethiol;

2-methyl-1-butanethiol;

1-pentanethiol;

2,2-dimethyl-1-propanethiol;

1-hexanethiol;

1,6-hexanedithiol;

1-heptanethiol;

2-ethylhexanethiol;

1-octanethiol;

1,8-octanedithiol;

1-nonanethiol;

1,9-nonanedithiol;

1-decanethiol;

1-adamantanethiol;

1,11-undecanedithiol;

1-undecanethiol;

1-dodecanethiol;

tert-dodecylmercaptan;

1-tridecanethiol;

1-tetradecanethiol;

1-pentadecanethiol;

1-hexadecanethiol;

1-heptadecanethiol;

1-octadecanethiol;

1-nonadecanethiol;

1-icosanethiol; and

combinations thereof.

28. The method of claim 26 wherein the R₁ comprises the aryl or the arylhydrocarbyl and the thiol is selected from the group consisting of benzenethiol;

2-methylbenzenethiol;

3-methylbenzenethiol;

4-methylbenzenethiol;

2-ethylbenzenethiol;

3-ethylbenzenethiol;

4-ethylbenzenethiol;

2-propylbenzenethiol;

3-propylbenzenethiol;

4-propylbenzenethiol;

2-tert-butylbenzenethiol;

4-tert-butylbenzenethiol;

4-pentylbenzenethiol;

4-hexylbenzenethiol;

4-heptylbenzenethiol;

4-octylbenzenethiol;

4-nonylbenzenethiol;

4-decylbenzenethiol;

benzyl mercaptan;

2,4-xylenethiol, furfuryl mercaptan;

1-naphthalenethiol;

2-naphthalenethiol;

4,4′

-dimercaptobiphenyl; and

combinations thereof.

32. The method of claim 35 wherein the organic compound comprising a nitrogen-containing functional group further comprises a sulfur-containing functional group.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the organic compound comprises a hydrocarbyl linking group that links the nitrogen-containing functional group and a thiol through a hydrocarbyl chain and has a general structure (VII):

wherein R₁ is a hydrocarbyl having between one carbon atom and about 24 carbon atoms, an aryl having between about five and about fourteen carbon atoms, or an arylhydrocarbyl wherein the hydrocarbyl has from one carbon atom to about 24 carbon atoms and the aryl has from about five to about fourteen carbon atoms; and

the R₂ and R₃ are each independently, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a hydrogen atom.