COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DEPLOYING A TRANSGENIC REFUGE AS A SEED BLEND

• US 20100179196A1
• Filed: 12/31/2009
• Published: 07/15/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Eric S. Sachs, Ernest F. Sanders, Jay C. Pershing
• Original Assignee: Eric S. Sachs, Ernest F. Sanders, Jay C. Pershing
• Inventors: Sachs, Eric S., Pershing, Jay C., Sanders, Ernest F.
• Granted Patent: US 9,816,104 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 514/341
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 2300/00 Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 25/00 Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application , e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 51/00 Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 57/20 containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 61/00 Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 63/22 Bacillus
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 63/23 B. thuringiensis
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 65/00 Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof containing compounds of determined constitution A01N27/00 - A01N59/00
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 15/8286 for insect resistance
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/30 Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

Methods and compositions for deploying refuge seeds together with transgenic crop seeds are provided. The refuge seeds can be non-transgenic seeds of a similar variety to that of the transgenic crop seeds, or the refuge seeds can be a transgenic variety.

Claims

1. A method for deploying refuge seed together with at least one variety of transgenic crop seed in a field comprising the steps of

a) blending a first transgenic crop seed comprising a first transgene with a refuge seed;

b) ensuring a uniform mixture of said first transgenic crop seed and said refuge seed is provided; and

c) planting said mixture in said field;

wherein said mixture consists of from about 100% to about 50% first transgenic crop seed, and wherein said refuge seed is selected from the group consisting of a non-transgenic crop seed and a second transgenic crop seed comprising a second transgene that is different from the first transgene.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said second transgene is selected from the group consisting of an insecticidal transgene, a fungicidal transgene, a herbicidal transgene, a nematicidal transgene, a bactericidal transgene, and an acaricidal transgene.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said mixture further comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of

a) said first transgenic crop seed lacking a seed treatment;

and

b) said first transgenic crop seed treated with a seed treatment.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein said mixture further comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of

a) said refuge seed lacking a seed treatment;

and

b) said refuge seed treated with a seed treatment.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein said seed treatment comprises a pesticidal agent selected from the group consisting of insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, bactericides, and herbicides.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein said seed treatment comprises a pesticidal agent selected from the group consisting of insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, bactericides, and herbicides.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein said pesticidal agent is an insecticide selected from the group consisting of a recombinant acyl lipid hydrolase protein, a Bacillus sphearicus insecticidal protein, Bacillus laterosporous insecticidal protein, a insecticidal protein derived from a Xenorhabdus bacteria species, a insecticidal protein derived from a Photorhabdus bacteria species, a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal δ

-endotoxin protein or vegetative insecticidal protein (VIP), and an insecticidal sRNAi molecule.

8. The method of claim 5 wherein said pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, oxadizine derivatives, chloronicotinyls, nitroguanidine derivatives, triazoles, organophosphates, pyrrols, pyrazoles, phenyl pyrazoles, diacylhydrazines, biological/fermentation products, and carbamates.

9. The method of claim 5 wherein said pesticidal agent is

a) a pyrethrin selected from the group consisting of 2-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one ester of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2methyl propenyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid, and/or (2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-4-oxo-3-(2 propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester and mixtures of cis and trans isomers thereof;

b) a synthetic pyrethroid selected from the group consisting of (s)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro alpha (1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (fenvalerate), (S)-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (S)-4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (esfenvalerate), (3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl(+)cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichoroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (permethrin), (±

) alpha-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl(+)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylate (cypermethrin), beta-cypermethrin, theta cypermethrin, S-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (±

) cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) 2,2 dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (zeta-cypermethrin), (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (IR,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (deltamethrin), alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3,-tetramethyl cyclopropoanecarboxylate (fenpropathrin), (RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(R)-2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-3-methylbutanoate (tau-fluvalinate), (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)-methyl-(1 alpha, 3 alpha)-(Z)-(±

)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (tefluthrin), (±

)-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (±

)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-alpha-(1-methyl ethyl)benzeneacetate (flucythrinate), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-[2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (flumethrin), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanedarboxylate (cyfluthrin), beta cyfluthrin, transfluthrin, (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(Z)-(IR-cis)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-trifluoromethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]cyclopropane carboxylate (acrinathrin), (IR cis) S and (IS cis) R enantiomer isomer pair of alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (alpha-cypermethrin), [IR,3S)3(1′

RS)(1′

,2′

,2′

,2′

-tetrabromoethyl)]-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester (tralomethrin), cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 2,2-dichloro-1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (cycloprothrin), [1α

,3α

(Z)]-(±

)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-cimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cyhalothrin), [1 alpha (s), 3 alpha(z)]-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (lambda cyhalothrin), (2-methyl [1,1′

-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (bifenthrin), 5-1-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-d-cis(1R,35,E)2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxo,-2,2,4,5 tetrahydro thiophenylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (kadethrin), [5-(phenyl methyl)-3-furanyl]-3-furanyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (resmethrin). (1R-trans)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (bioresmethrin), 3,4,5,6-tetra hydro-phthalimidomethyl-(IRS)-cis-trans-chrysanthemate (tetramethrin), 3-phenoxybenzyl-d,l-cis,trans 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (phenothrin), empenthrin, cyphenothrin, prallethrin, imiprothrin, (RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxcyclopent-2-enyl-(1A,3R;

1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (allethrin), bioallethrin, and ZXI8901;

c) an oxadiazine derivative selected from the group consisting of 5-(2-chloropyrid-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 3-methyl-4-nitroimino-5-(1-oxido-3-pyridinomethyl) perhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chloro-1-oxido-5-pyridiniomethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxidiazine, 3-methyl-5-(2-methylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, and thiamethoxam;

d) a chloronicotinyl insecticide selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid ((E)-N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N′

-cyano-N-methyleneimidamide), imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methol]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimime), and nitenpyram (N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-ethyl-N′

-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine);

e) a nitroguanidine insecticide selected from the group consisting of pyrroles;

pyrazoles chlorfenapyr (4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-carbonitrile), fenpyroximate ((E)-1,1-dimethylethyl-4[[[[(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]amino]oxy]methyl]benzoate), and tebufenpyrad (4-chloro-N[[4-1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide);

f) a phenyl pyrazole selected from the group consisting of fipronil (5-amino-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(1R,S)-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile);

diacylhydrazines including halofenozide (4-chlorobenzoate-2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hydrazide), methoxyfenozide (RH-2485, N-tert-butyl-N′

-(3-methoxy-o-toluoyl)-3,5-xylohydrazide), and tebufenozide (3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,(4-ethylbenzoyl)hydrazide);

g) a triazole selected from the group consisting of amitrole and triazamate;

h) a biological/fermentation products selected from the group consisting of avermectin (abamectin) and spinosad (XDE-105);

i) an organophosphate insecticide selected from the group consisting of acephate, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl , diazinon, fenamiphos, and malathion; and

j) a carbamate insecticide selected from the group consisting of aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, oxamyl, and thiodicarb.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein said pesticidal agent is an insecticide selected from the group consisting of a recombinant acyl lipid hydrolase protein, a Bacillus sphearicus insecticidal protein, Bacillus laterosporous insecticidal protein, a insecticidal protein derived from a Xenorhabdus bacteria species, a insecticidal protein derived from a Photorhabdus bacteria species, a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal δ

-endotoxin protein or vegetative insecticidal protein (VIP), and an insecticidal sRNAi molecule.

11. The method of claim 6 wherein said pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, oxadizine derivatives, chloronicotinyls, nitroguanidine derivatives, triazoles, organophosphates, pyrrols, pyrazoles, phenyl pyrazoles, diacylhydrazines, biological/fermentation products, and carbamates.

12. The method of claim 6 wherein said pesticidal agent is:

a) a pyrethrin selected from the group consisting of 2-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one ester of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2methyl propenyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid, and/or (2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-4-oxo-3-(2 propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester and mixtures of cis and trans isomers thereof;

b) a synthetic pyrethroid selected from the group consisting of (s)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro alpha (1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (fenvalerate), (S)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (S)-4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (esfenvalerate), (3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl(+)cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichoroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (permethrin), (±

) alpha-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl(+)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylate (cypermethrin), beta-cypermethrin, theta cypermethrin, S-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (±

) cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) 2,2 dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (zeta-cypermethrin), (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (IR,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (deltamethrin), alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3,-tetramethyl cyclopropoanecarboxylate (fenpropathrin), (RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(R)-2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-3-methylbutanoate (tau-fluvalinate), (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)-methyl-(1 alpha, 3 alpha)-(Z)-(±

)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (tefluthrin), (±

)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (±

)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-alpha-(1-methyl ethyl)benzeneacetate (flucythrinate), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-[2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (flumethrin), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanedarboxylate (cyfluthrin), beta cyfluthrin, transfluthrin, (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(Z)-(IR-cis)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-trifluoromethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]cyclopropane carboxylate (acrinathrin), (IR cis) S and (IS cis) R enantiomer isomer pair of alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (alpha-cypermethrin), [IR,3S)3(1′

RS)(1′

,2′

,2′

,2′

-tetrabromoethyl)]-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester (tralomethrin), cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 2,2-dichloro-1- (4-ethoxyphenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (cycloprothrin), [1α

, 3α

(Z)]-(±

)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-cimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cyhalothrin), [1 alpha (s), 3 alpha(z)]-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (lambda cyhalothrin), (2-methyl[1,1′

-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (bifenthrin), 5-1-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-d-cis(1R,3S,E)2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxo,-2,2,4,5 tetrahydro thiophenylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (kadethrin), [5-(phenyl methyl)-3-furanyl]-3-furanyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (resmethrin). (1R-trans)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (bioresmethrin), 3,4,5,6-tetra hydro-phthalimidomethyl-(IRS)-cis-trans-chrysanthemate (tetramethrin), 3-phenoxybenzyl-d,l-cis,trans 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (phenothrin), empenthrin, cyphenothrin, prallethrin, imiprothrin, (RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxcyclopent-2-enyl-(1A,3R;

1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (allethrin), bioallethrin, and ZXI8901;

c) an oxadiazine derivative selected from the group consisting of 5-(2-chloropyrid-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 3-methyl-4-nitroimino-5-(1-oxido-3-pyridinomethyl) perhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chloro-1-oxido-5-pyridiniomethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxidiazine, 3-methyl-5-(2-methylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, and thiamethoxam;

d) a chloronicotinyl insecticide selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid ((E)-N[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N′

-cyano-N-methyleneimidamide), imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methol]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimime), and nitenpyram (N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-ethyl-N′

-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine);

e) a nitroguanidine insecticide selected from the group consisting of pyrroles;

pyrazoles chlorfenapyr (4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-carbonitrile), fenpyroximate ((E)-1,1-dimethylethyl-4[[[[(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]amino]oxy]methyl]benzoate), and tebufenpyrad (4-chloro-N[[4-1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide);

f) a phenyl pyrazole selected from the group consisting of fipronil (5-amino-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(1R,S)-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile);

diacylhydrazines including halofenozide (4-chlorobenzoate-2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hydrazide), methoxyfenozide (RH-2485, N-tert-butyl-N′

-(3-methoxy-o-toluoyl)-3,5-xylohydrazide), and tebufenozide (3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,(4-ethylbenzoyl)hydrazide);

g) a triazole selected from the group consisting of amitrole and triazamate;

h) a biological/fermentation products selected from the group consisting of avermectin (abamectin) and spinosad (XDE-105);

i) an organophosphate insecticide selected from the group consisting of acephate, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, fenamiphos, and malathion; and

j) a carbamate insecticide selected from the group consisting of aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, oxamyl, and thiodicarb.

13. A seed blend comprising refuge seeds and at least one variety of transgenic crop seeds for use in planting in a field, wherein said seed blend comprises a refuge seed and a first transgenic crop seed comprising a first transgene in a uniform mixture;

wherein said mixture consists of from about 100% to about 50% first transgenic crop seed, and wherein said refuge seed is selected from the group consisting of a non-transgenic seed and a second transgenic seed comprising a second transgene that is different from the first transgene.

14. The seed blend of claim 13 wherein said second transgene is selected from the group consisting of an insecticidal transgene, a fungicidal transgene, a herbicidal transgene, a nematicidal transgene, a bactericidal transgene, and an acaricidal transgene.

15. The seed blend of claim 14 wherein said mixture further comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of

a) said first transgenic crop seed lacking a seed treatment;

and

b) said first transgenic crop seed treated with a seed treatment.

16. The seed blend of claim 14 wherein said mixture further comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of

a) said refuge seed lacking a seed treatment;

and

b) said refuge seed treated with a seed treatment.

17. The seed blend of claim 15 wherein said seed treatment comprises a pesticidal agent selected from the group consisting of insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, bactericides, and herbicides.

18. The seed blend of claim 16 wherein said seed treatment comprises a pesticidal agent selected from the group consisting of insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, bactericides, and herbicides.

19. The seed blend of claim 17 wherein said pesticidal agent is an insecticide selected from the group consisting of a recombinant acyl lipid hydrolase protein, a Bacillus sphearicus insecticidal protein, Bacillus laterosporous insecticidal protein, a insecticidal protein derived from a Xenorhabdus bacteria species, a insecticidal protein derived from a Photorhabdus bacteria species, a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal δ

-endotoxin protein or vegetative insecticidal protein (VIP), and an insecticidal sRNAi molecule.

20. The seed blend of claim 17 wherein said pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, oxadizine derivatives, chloronicotinyls, nitroguanidine derivatives, triazoles, organophosphates, pyrrols, pyrazoles, phenyl pyrazoles, diacylhydrazines, biological/fermentation products, and carbamates.

21. The seed blend of claim 20 wherein said pesticidal agent is:

a) a pyrethrin selected from the group consisting of 2-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one ester of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2methyl propenyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid, and/or (2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-4-oxo-3-(2 propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester and mixtures of cis and trans isomers thereof;

b) a synthetic pyrethroid selected from the group consisting of (s)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro alpha(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (fenvalerate), (S)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (S)-4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (esfenvalerate), (3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl(+)cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichoroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (permethrin), (±

) alpha-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl(+)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylate (cypermethrin), beta-cypermethrin, theta cypermethrin, S-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (±

) cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) 2,2 dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (zeta-cypermethrin), (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (IR,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (deltamethrin), alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3,-tetramethyl cyclopropoanecarboxylate (fenpropathrin), (RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(R)-2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-3-methylbutanoate (tau-fluvalinate), (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)-methyl-(1 alpha, 3 alpha)-(Z)-(±

)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (tefluthrin), (±

)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (±

)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-alpha-(1-methyl ethyl)benzeneacetate (flucythrinate), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-[2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (flumethrin), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanedarboxylate (cyfluthrin), beta cyfluthrin, transfluthrin, (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(Z)-(IR-cis)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-trifluoromethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]cyclopropane carboxylate (acrinathrin), (IR cis) S and (IS cis) R enantiomer isomer pair of alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (alpha-cypermethrin), [IR,3S)3(1′

RS)(1′

,2′

,2′

,2′

-tetrabromoethyl)]-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester (tralomethrin), cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 2,2-dichloro-1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (cycloprothrin), [1α

, 3α

(Z)]-(±

)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-cimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cyhalothrin), [1 alpha (s), 3 alpha(z)]-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (lambda cyhalothrin), (2-methyl[1,1′

-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (bifenthrin), 5-1-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-d-cis(1R,3S,E)2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxo,-2,2,4,5 tetrahydro thiophenylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (kadethrin), [5-(phenyl methyl)-3-furanyl]-3-furanyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (resmethrin). (1R-trans)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (bioresmethrin), 3,4,5,6-tetra hydro-phthalimidomethyl-(IRS)-cis-trans-chrysanthemate (tetramethrin), 3-phenoxybenzyl-d,l-cis,trans 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (phenothrin), empenthrin, cyphenothrin, prallethrin, imiprothrin, (RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxcyclopent-2-enyl-(1A,3R;

1R,35)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (allethrin), bioallethrin, and ZXI8901;

c) an oxadiazine derivative selected from the group consisting of 5-(2-chloropyrid-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 3-methyl-4-nitroimino-5-(1-oxido-3-pyridinomethyl)perhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chloro-1-oxido-5-pyridiniomethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxidiazine, 3-methyl-5-(2-methylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, and thiamethoxam;

d) a chloronicotinyl insecticide selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid ((E)-N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N′

-cyano-N-methyleneimidamide), imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methol]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimime), and nitenpyram (N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-ethyl-N′

-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine);

e) a nitroguanidine insecticide selected from the group consisting of pyrroles;

pyrazoles chlorfenapyr (4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-carbonitrile), fenpyroximate ((E)-1,1-dimethylethyl-4[[[[(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]amino]oxy]methyl]benzoate), and tebufenpyrad (4-chloro-N[[4-1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide);

f) a phenyl pyrazole selected from the group consisting of fipronil (5-amino-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(1R,S)-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile);

diacylhydrazines including halofenozide (4-chlorobenzoate-2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hydrazide), methoxyfenozide (RH-2485, N-tert-butyl-N′

-(3-methoxy-o-toluoyl)-3,5-xylohydrazide), and tebufenozide (3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,(4-ethylbenzoyl)hydrazide);

g) a triazole selected from the group consisting of amitrole and triazamate;

h) a biological/fermentation products selected from the group consisting of avermectin (abamectin) and spinosad (XDE-105);

i) an organophosphate insecticide selected from the group consisting of acephate, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl , diazinon, fenamiphos, and malathion; and

j) a carbamate insecticide selected from the group consisting of aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, oxamyl, and thiodicarb.

22. The seed blend of claim 18 wherein said pesticidal agent is an insecticide selected from the group consisting of a recombinant acyl lipid hydrolase protein, a Bacillus sphearicus insecticidal protein, Bacillus laterosporous insecticidal protein, a insecticidal protein derived from a Xenorhabdus bacteria species, a insecticidal protein derived from a Photorhabdus bacteria species, a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal δ

-endotoxin protein or vegetative insecticidal protein (VIP), and an insecticidal sRNAi molecule.

23. The seed blend of claim 18 wherein said pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, oxadizine derivatives, chloronicotinyls, nitroguanidine derivatives, triazoles, organophosphates, pyrrols, pyrazoles, phenyl pyrazoles, diacylhydrazines, biological/fermentation products, and carbamates.

24. The seed blend of claim 23 wherein said pesticidal agent is:

a) a pyrethrin selected from the group consisting of 2-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one ester of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2methyl propenyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid, and/or (2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-4-oxo-3-(2 propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester and mixtures of cis and trans isomers thereof;

b) a synthetic pyrethroid selected from the group consisting of (s)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro alpha (1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (fenvalerate), (S)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (S)-4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (esfenvalerate), (3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl(+)cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichoroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (permethrin), (±

) alpha-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl(+)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylate (cypermethrin), beta-cypermethrin, theta cypermethrin, S-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (±

) cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) 2,2 dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (zeta-cypermethrin), (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (IR,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (deltamethrin), alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3,-tetramethyl cyclopropoanecarboxylate (fenpropathrin), (RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(R)-2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-3-methylbutanoate (tau-fluvalinate), (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)-methyl-(1 alpha, 3 alpha)-(Z)-(±

)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (tefluthrin), (±

)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (±

)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-alpha-(1-methyl ethyl)benzeneacetate (flucythrinate), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-[2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (flumethrin), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanedarboxylate (cyfluthrin), beta cyfluthrin, transfluthrin, (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(Z)-(IR-cis)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-trifluoromethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]cyclopropane carboxylate (acrinathrin), (IR cis) S and (IS cis) R enantiomer isomer pair of alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (alpha-cypermethrin), [IR,3S)3(1′

RS)(1′

,2′

,2′

,2′

-tetrabromoethyl)]-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester (tralomethrin), cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2,2-dichloro-1- (4-ethoxyphenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (cycloprothrin), [1α

,3α

(Z)]-(±

)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-cimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cyhalothrin), [1 alpha (s), 3 alpha(z)]-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (lambda cyhalothrin), (2-methyl [1,1′

-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (bifenthrin), 5-1-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-d-cis(1R,3S,E)2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxo,-2,2,4,5 tetrahydro thiophenylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (kadethrin), [5-(phenyl methyl)-3-furanyl]-3-furanyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (resmethrin). (1R-trans)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (bioresmethrin), 3,4,5,6-tetra hydro-phthalimidomethyl-(IRS)-cis-trans-chrysanthemate (tetramethrin), 3-phenoxybenzyl-d,l-cis,trans 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (phenothrin), empenthrin, cyphenothrin, prallethrin, imiprothrin, (RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxcyclopent-2-enyl-(1A,3R;

1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3- (2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (allethrin), bioallethrin, and ZXI8901;

c) an oxadiazine derivative selected from the group consisting of 5-(2-chloropyrid-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 3-methyl-4-nitroimino-5-(1-oxido-3-pyridinomethyl)perhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chloro-1-oxido-5-pyridiniomethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxidiazine, 3-methyl-5-(2-methylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, and thiamethoxam;

d) a chloronicotinyl insecticide selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid ((E)-N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N′

-cyano-N-methyleneimidamide), imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methol]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimime), and nitenpyram (N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-ethyl-N′

-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine);

e) a nitroguanidine insecticide selected from the group consisting of pyrroles;

pyrazoles chlorfenapyr (4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-carbonitrile), fenpyroximate ((E)-1,1-dimethylethyl-4[[[[(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]amino]oxy]methyl]benzoate), and tebufenpyrad (4-chloro-N[[4-1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide);

f) a phenyl pyrazole selected from the group consisting of fipronil (5-amino-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(1R,S)-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile);

diacylhydrazines including halofenozide (4-chlorobenzoate-2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hydrazide), methoxyfenozide (RH-2485, N-tert-butyl-N′

-(3-methoxy-o-toluoyl)-3,5-xylohydrazide), and tebufenozide (3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,(4-ethylbenzoyl)hydrazide);

g) a triazole selected from the group consisting of amitrole and triazamate;

h) a biological/fermentation products selected from the group consisting of avermectin (abamectin) and spinosad (XDE-105);

i) an organophosphate insecticide selected from the group consisting of acephate, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl , diazinon, fenamiphos, and malathion; and

j) a carbamate insecticide selected from the group consisting of aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, oxamyl, and thiodicarb.