ASYMMETRIC SYSTEMS

US 20100190198A1
Filed: 08/18/2009
Published: 07/29/2010
Est. Priority Date: 08/19/2008
Status: Abandoned Application

First Claim

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1. A combination comprisinginteraction with a system that has a perturbation,in such perturbed system a non-directional input is applied to a first variable of the system, andbased on an asymmetry of the perturbed system, achieving a directional effect in a second variable of the system,the first and second variables comprising a conjugate pair of variables,and in which at least one of the following pertains:

the interaction occurs other than by an apparatus and other than in a way that actually achieves the directional effect, orthe conjugate pair is other than position and momentum, orthe input or the asymmetry is in a dimension other than spatial coordinates, orthe directional effect is other than one-dimensional translational motion and other than one-dimensional rotary motion.

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Abstract

Among other things, a combination comprises interaction with a system that has a perturbation. In such perturbed system, a non-directional input is applied to a first variable of the system. Based on an asymmetry of the perturbed system, a directional effect is achieved in a second variable of the system, the first and second variables comprising a conjugate pair of variables. At least one of the following pertains: the interaction occurs other than by an apparatus and other than in a way that actually achieves the directional effect, or the conjugate pair is other than position and momentum, or the input or the asymmetry are in a dimension other than spatial coordinates, or the directional effect is other than translational motion and other than rotary motion.

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289 Claims

1. A combination comprisinginteraction with a system that has a perturbation,in such perturbed system a non-directional input is applied to a first variable of the system, andbased on an asymmetry of the perturbed system, achieving a directional effect in a second variable of the system,the first and second variables comprising a conjugate pair of variables,and in which at least one of the following pertains:
- the interaction occurs other than by an apparatus and other than in a way that actually achieves the directional effect, orthe conjugate pair is other than position and momentum, orthe input or the asymmetry is in a dimension other than spatial coordinates, orthe directional effect is other than one-dimensional translational motion and other than one-dimensional rotary motion.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 288, 289)
- - 2. The combination of claim 1 in which the interaction comprises causing the system to actually achieve the directional effect.
  - 3. The combination of claim 1 in which the interaction includes an apparatus.
  - 4. The combination of claim 1 in which the interaction comprises designing the system.
  - 5. The combination of claim 1 in which the interaction comprises manipulating the system.
  - 6. The combination of claim 5 in which the manipulating comprises analyzing the system.
  - 7. The combination of claim 5 in which the manipulating comprises optimizing the system.
  - 8. The combination of claim 7 in which the system is optimized for work done.
  - 9. The combination of claim 7 in which the system is optimized for energy efficiency.
  - 10. The combination of claim 7 in which the system is optimized for operation in a desired regime.
  - 11. The combination of claim 7 in which the system is optimized for a particular load.
  - 12. The combination of claim 5 in which the manipulation comprises implementing a function in the system.
  - 13. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises filtering.
  - 14. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises adaptive filtering.
  - 15. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises compression.
  - 16. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises de-compression.
  - 17. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises sampling.
  - 18. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises de-sampling.
  - 19. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises feature extraction.
  - 20. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises spectrum analysis.
  - 21. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises storage.
  - 22. The combination of claim 12 in which the function comprises modulation.
  - 23. The combination of claim 1 in which the interaction is based on signal processing.
  - 24. The combination of claim 23 in which the signal processing comprises description of an aspect of the system.
  - 25. The combination of claim 23 in which signal processing comprises interpretation of an aspect of the system.
  - 26. The combination of claim 23 in which the signal processing comprises taking the transform of a variable.
  - 27. The combination of claim 26 in which the transform comprises an integral transform.
  - 28. The combination of claim 27 in which the integral transform comprises a Fourier transform.
  - 29. The combination of claim 27 in which the integral transform comprises a Laplace transform.
  - 30. The combination of claim 27 in which the integral transform comprises a wavelet transform.
  - 31. The combination of claim 27 in which the integral transform comprises a Hilbert transform.
  - 32. The combination of claim 27 in which the transform comprises a discrete transform.
  - 33. The combination of claim 32 in which the discrete transform comprises a binomial transform.
  - 34. The combination of claim 32 in which the discrete transform comprises a discrete Fourier transform.
  - 35. The combination of claim 32 in which the discrete transform comprises a fast Fourier transform.
  - 36. The combination of claim 32 in which the discrete transform comprises a Z-transform.
  - 37. The combination of claim 26 in which the transform comprises a data-dependent transform.
  - 38. The combination of claim 26 in which the transform comprises a transform other than an integral, discrete or data-dependent transform.
  - 39. The combination of claim 26 in which the transform comprises a one-variable transform.
  - 40. The combination of claim 26 in which the transform comprises a multi-variable transform.
  - 41. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a physical system.
  - 42. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a chemical system.
  - 43. The combination of claim 42 in which the chemical system comprises a chemical reaction.
  - 44. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises an intermediate chemical reaction.
  - 45. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises a surface reaction.
  - 46. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises a bulk reaction.
  - 47. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises a membrane reaction.
  - 48. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises an organic reaction.
  - 49. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises an inorganic reaction.
  - 50. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises an enzymatic reaction.
  - 51. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises a catalytic reaction.
  - 52. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises a non-catalytic reaction.
  - 53. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises a spontaneous reaction.
  - 54. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises a non-spontaneous reaction.
  - 55. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises an exothermic reaction.
  - 56. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises an endothermic reaction.
  - 57. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises a single chemical path.
  - 58. The combination of claim 43 in which the chemical reaction comprises multiple possible chemical paths.
  - 59. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a biological system.
  - 60. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a social system.
  - 61. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises an economic system.
  - 62. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a combination of two or more of physical, chemical, biological, social and economic systems.
  - 63. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises position and momentum.
  - 64. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises time and energy.
  - 65. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises temperature and entropy.
  - 66. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises pressure and volume.
  - 67. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises electric field and polarizability.
  - 68. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises magnetic field and magnetization.
  - 69. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises stress and strain.
  - 70. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises rotation angle and angular momentum.
  - 71. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises chemical potential and particle number.
  - 72. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises electric potential and electromotive force.
  - 73. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises two orthogonal polarization vectors of an electromagnetic beam.
  - 74. The combination of claim 1 in which the conjugate pair of variables comprises surface area and surface tension.
  - 75. The combination of claim 1 in which there are two or more conjugate pairs of variables in the system.
  - 76. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a feedback system.
  - 77. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a time-invariant system.
  - 78. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a time-variant system.
  - 79. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a linear system.
  - 80. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a nonlinear system.
  - 81. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a continuous-time system.
  - 82. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a discrete-time system.
  - 83. The combination of claim 1 in which the non-directional input comprises an intensive variable of a conjugate pair of variables.
  - 84. The combination of claim 1 in which the non-directional input comprises a signal.
  - 85. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises an externally applied signal.
  - 86. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a signal that is intrinsic to the system.
  - 87. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises an input signal.
  - 88. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a noise signal.
  - 89. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a control signal.
  - 90. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises an intermediate signal.
  - 91. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a time-independent signal.
  - 92. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a time-dependent signal.
  - 93. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a continuous-time signal.
  - 94. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a discrete-time signal.
  - 95. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a deterministic signal.
  - 96. The combination of claim 84 in which the non-directional input comprises a stochastic signal.
  - 97. The combination of claim 1 in which the non-directional input comprises more than one signal.
  - 98. The combination of claim 1 in which the non-directional input comprises an influence.
  - 99. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises a chemical influence.
  - 100. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises an electrical influence.
  - 101. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises a magnetic influence.
  - 102. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises a thermal influence.
  - 103. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises an electromagnetic influence.
  - 104. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises a flow influence.
  - 105. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises a pressure influence.
  - 106. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises a mechanical influence.
  - 107. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises a gravitational influence.
  - 108. The combination of claim 98 in which the non-directional input comprises a combination of two or more influences.
  - 109. The combination of claim 108 in which the influences are of the same type of influence.
  - 110. The combination of claim 108 in which the influences are of at least two different types of influences.
  - 111. The combination of claim 108 in which the influences have the same phase.
  - 112. The combination of claim 108 in which the influences have different phases with a fixed relationship.
  - 113. The combination of claim 108 in which the influences have different phases with a varying relationship.
  - 114. The combination of claim 108 in which the influences have the same frequency.
  - 115. The combination of claim 108 in which the influences have different frequencies with a fixed relationship.
  - 116. The combination of claim 108 in which the influences have different frequencies with a varying relationship.
  - 117. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a non-isometric symmetry.
  - 118. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a directional symmetry.
  - 119. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a reflection symmetry.
  - 120. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a rotational symmetry.
  - 121. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a translational symmetry.
  - 122. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a glide reflection symmetry.
  - 123. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a rotoreflection symmetry.
  - 124. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a helical symmetry.
  - 125. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of a scale symmetry.
  - 126. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an absence or a violation of two or more symmetries.
  - 127. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an externally applied asymmetry.
  - 128. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises an asymmetry that is intrinsic to the system.
  - 129. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises a time-independent asymmetry.
  - 130. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises a time-dependent asymmetry.
  - 131. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises a one-variable asymmetry.
  - 132. The combination of claim 1 in which the asymmetry comprises a multi-variable asymmetry.
  - 133. The combination of claim 1 in which there is more than one asymmetry.
  - 134. The combination of claim 133 in which all the asymmetries comprise an absence or a violation of the same type of symmetry or antisymmetry.
  - 135. The combination of claim 133 in which the asymmetries comprise an absence or a violation of two or more types of symmetries or antisymmetries.
  - 136. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises an extensive variable of the conjugate pair of variables.
  - 137. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises an output signal.
  - 138. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises a noise signal.
  - 139. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises a control signal.
  - 140. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises an intermediate signal.
  - 141. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises a time-independent signal.
  - 142. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises a time-dependent signal.
  - 143. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises a continuous-time signal.
  - 144. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises a discrete-time signal.
  - 145. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises a deterministic signal.
  - 146. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises a stochastic signal.
  - 147. The combination of claim 1 in which more than one directional effect is achieved.
  - 148. The combination of claim 147 in which the directional effects are in the same type of variable.
  - 149. The combination of claim 147 in which the directional effects are in at least two different types of variables.
  - 150. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises doing mechanical work.
  - 151. The combination of claim 150 in which doing mechanical work comprises altering the kinetic energy of a system.
  - 152. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises altering the potential energy of a system.
  - 153. The combination of claim 152 in which the potential energy comprises gravitational potential energy.
  - 154. The combination of claim 152 in which the potential energy comprises elastic potential energy.
  - 155. The combination of claim 152 in which the potential energy comprises chemical potential energy.
  - 156. The combination of claim 152 in which the potential energy comprises electric potential energy.
  - 157. The combination of claim 156 in which the electric potential energy comprises electrostatic potential energy.
  - 158. The combination of claim 156 in which the electric potential energy comprises electrodynamic potential energy.
  - 159. The combination of claim 156 in which the electric potential energy comprises nuclear potential energy.
  - 160. The combination of claim 152 in which the potential energy comprises thermal potential energy.
  - 161. The combination of claim 152 in which the potential energy comprises rest mass energy.
  - 162. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises doing thermodynamic work.
  - 163. The combination of claim 162 in which doing thermodynamic work comprises altering the enthalpy of a system.
  - 164. The combination of claim 162 in which doing thermodynamic work comprises altering the entropy of a system.
  - 165. The combination of claim 162 in which doing thermodynamic work comprises doing pressure-volume work.
  - 166. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises doing organizational work.
  - 167. The combination of claim 166 in which doing organizational work comprises altering the order of a system.
  - 168. The combination of claim 166 in which doing organizational work comprises altering the complexity of a system.
  - 169. The combination of claim 166 in which doing organizational work comprises altering the pattern of a system.
  - 170. The combination of claim 166 in which doing organizational work comprises altering the structure of a system.
  - 171. The combination of claim 166 in which doing organizational work comprises altering the emergent property of a system.
  - 172. The combination of claim 166 in which doing organizational work comprises altering the behavior of a system.
  - 173. The combination of claim 1 in which an input modulates a potential energy surface of the system.
  - 174. The combination of claim 173 in which the potential energy surface is modulated vertically.
  - 175. The combination of claim 173 in which the potential energy surface is modulated laterally.
  - 176. The combination of claim 1 in which one or more inputs modulate the potential energy surface of a transition state in the system both vertically and laterally.
  - 177. The combination of claim 173 in which a transition state of the potential energy surface is modulated.
  - 178. The combination of claim 173 in which the input directly interacts with the reactants.
  - 179. The combination of claim 173 in which the input modulates a property of the environment of the reactants.
  - 180. The combination of claim 179 in which the environment comprises an active pocket of an enzyme.
  - 181. The combination of claim 179 in which the environment comprises a supramolecular structure.
  - 182. The combination of claim 181 in which the supramolecular structure comprises an aptamer.
  - 183. The combination of claim 181 in which the supramolecular structure comprises a zeolite.
  - 184. The combination of claim 181 in which the supramolecular structure comprises a polymer.
  - 185. The combination of claim 181 in which the supramolecular structure comprises a carbon nanotube.
  - 186. The combination of claim 173 in which the system comprises an influence mediator.
  - 187. The combination of claim 186 in which the influence mediator comprises a charged bead or a magnetic bead.
  - 188. The combination of claim 186 in which the influence mediator comprises a linker.
  - 189. The combination of claim 173 in which the system is designed using ab initio simulations, catalytic antibodies and/or in vitro evolution.
  - 190. The combination of claim 173 in which the system comprises a modification to enhance an input.
  - 191. The combination of claim 190 in which the modification comprises attaching an enzyme or a supramolecule to a surface of a reaction chamber with an electrical double layer formed at that surface.
  - 192. The combination of claim 190 in which the modification comprises coating a surface of a reaction chamber with a flexible substrate.
  - 202. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises converting a type of non-chemical energy into another type of non-chemical energy.
  - 203. The combination of claim 202 in which electrical energy is converted into rotary power or mechanical work.
  - 204. The combination of claim 202 in which rotary power or mechanical work is converted into electrical energy.
  - 205. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises converting a type of chemical energy into a type of non-chemical energy.
  - 206. The combination of claim 205 in which a chemical fuel energy is converted into a non-chemical energy.
  - 207. The combination of claim 205 in which a chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
  - 208. The combination of claim 205 in which a chemical energy is converted into rotary power or mechanical work.
  - 209. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises converting a type of non-chemical energy into a chemical energy.
  - 210. The combination of claim 209 in which electrical energy is converted into a chemical energy.
  - 211. The combination of claim 209 in which a non-chemical energy is converted into a high energy density chemical fuel.
  - 212. The combination of claim 211 in which the high energy density chemical fuel comprises methane.
  - 213. The combination of claim 211 in which the high energy density chemical fuel comprises ethane.
  - 214. The combination of claim 211 in which the high energy density chemical fuel comprises hydrogen.
  - 215. The combination of claim 209 in which a non-chemical energy is converted into a biofuel.
  - 216. The combination of claim 215 in which the biofuel comprises methanol.
  - 217. The combination of claim 215 in which the biofuel comprises ethanol.
  - 218. The combination of claim 209 in which a non-chemical energy drives a chemical fuel process.
  - 219. The combination of claim 218 in which the chemical fuel process comprises gasoline cracking.
  - 220. The combination of claim 218 in which the chemical fuel process comprises gasoline synthesis.
  - 221. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises converting a type of chemical energy into another type of chemical energy.
  - 222. The combination of claim 221 in which the conversion reaction comprises CO₂reduction.
  - 223. The combination of claim 221 in which the conversion reaction comprises glucose to fructose conversion.
  - 224. The combination of claim 221 in which the conversion reaction comprises ethylene production.
  - 225. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises manipulating a chemical reaction.
  - 226. The combination of claim 225 in which the chemical reaction is an intermediate chemical reaction.
  - 227. The combination of claim 225 in which the chemical reaction is a biochemical reaction.
  - 228. The combination of claim 225 in which the manipulation comprises controlling a direction of the reaction.
  - 229. The combination of claim 225 in which the manipulation comprises altering a final substrate and/or a final product concentration or the ratio of the two concentrations.
  - 230. The combination of claim 225 in which the manipulation comprises doing work on the system that the system would otherwise not do, including against or along other influences and/or gradients.
  - 231. The combination of claim 225 in which the manipulation comprises catalyzing the reaction.
  - 232. The combination of claim 225 in which the manipulation comprises specific enhancement and/or suppression of reactions and/or chemical paths.
  - 233. The combination of claim 225 in which the manipulation comprises increasing, decreasing, or reversing a spontaneity of the reaction.
  - 234. The combination of claim 225 in which the manipulation comprises changing a probability of a specific path and/or product, relative to another alternative path or product, to change a yield of the specific path and/or product.
  - 235. The combination of claim 225 in which a result of the method comprises new mixtures and/or products.
  - 236. A new mixture of product produced by applying the method of combination of claim 225.
  - 237. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in chemical manufacturing.
  - 238. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in industrial processing.
  - 239. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in catalysis.
  - 240. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in chemical fuel production.
  - 241. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in electricity generation.
  - 242. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in rotary power or mechanical work generation.
  - 243. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in energy storage.
  - 244. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in reduction of undesired chemicals.
  - 245. The combination of claim 244 in which the undesired chemical comprise greenhouse gases.
  - 246. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises altering the negentropy of a system.
  - 247. The combination of claim 246 in which the system comprises a self-organizing system.
  - 248. The combination of claim 247 in which the self-organizing system comprises a protein.
  - 249. The combination of claim 247 in which the self-organizing system comprises a self-assembling molecule.
  - 250. The combination of claim 246 in which the system comprises a process.
  - 251. The combination of claim 250 in which the process comprises cell signaling.
  - 252. The combination of claim 250 in which the process comprises homeostasis.
  - 253. The combination of claim 250 in which the process comprises a developmental stage of a living organism.
  - 254. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in basic life science research.
  - 255. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in medicine.
  - 256. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in a synthetic life process or a product.
  - 257. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises transporting an object.
  - 258. The combination of claim 257 in which the transportation is against an opposing force and/or gradient.
  - 259. The combination of claim 257 in which the object comprises a micro-object.
  - 260. The combination of claim 257 in which the object comprises an ion.
  - 261. The combination of claim 257 in which the object comprises a molecule.
  - 262. The combination of claim 257 in which the object comprises a biomolecule.
  - 263. The combination of claim 257 in which the object comprises a biological cell.
  - 264. The combination of claim 257 in which the object comprises a macro-object.
  - 265. The combination of claim 257 in which the object comprises a transportation vehicle.
  - 266. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in mechanics.
  - 267. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in biological transportation.
  - 268. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in chemical transportation.
  - 269. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in vehicular transportation.
  - 270. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises altering a property of an object and/or a process.
  - 271. The combination of claim 270 in which the property comprises structure.
  - 272. The combination of claim 270 in which the property comprises complexity.
  - 273. The combination of claim 270 in which the property comprises strength.
  - 274. The combination of claim 270 in which the property comprises elasticity.
  - 275. The combination of claim 270 in which the property comprises weight.
  - 276. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in material science.
  - 277. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in manufacturing.
  - 278. The combination of claim 1 in which the directional effect comprises altering the electromagnetic property of an object and/or a process.
  - 279. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in electronics.
  - 280. The combination of claim 1 in which the system is used in communications.
  - 281. The combination of claim 1 in which the system comprises a pump that is driven by the dynamics of the system.
  - 282. The combination of claim 281 in which the pump alters the concentration of an object.
  - 283. The combination of claim 206 in which the pump alters the transfer speed of an object.
  - 288. The combination of claim 1 wherein the combination comprises one or more actions or steps in a method, one or more elements in an apparatus, one or more parts in a combination of matter, or sub-combinations thereof.
  - 289. In combination, the features of claims 1, 2, 42, 45, 49, 51, 54, 56, 57, 64, 71, 75, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 100, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 118, 121, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 142, 143, 145, 152, 155, 162, 163, 164, 173, 176, 177, 179, 180, 209, 210, 211, 214, 225, 229, 230, 233, and 240.

193. An apparatus comprisinga site for a reaction, anda device interacting with a system that has a perturbation, in such perturbed system a non-directional input is applied to a first variable of the system, and based on an asymmetry of the perturbed system, achieving a directional effect in a second variable of the system, the first and second variables comprising a conjugate pair of variables, and in which at least one of the following pertains:
- the interaction occurs other than by an apparatus and other than in a way that actually achieves the directional effect, or the conjugate pair is other than position and momentum, or the input or the asymmetry is in a dimension other than spatial coordinates, or the directional effect is other than one-dimensional translational motion and other than one-dimensional rotary motion.
- View Dependent Claims (194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201)
- - 194. The apparatus of claim 193 in which the reaction is a chemical reaction.
  - 195. The apparatus of claim 193 in which the reaction is a biochemical reaction.
  - 196. The apparatus of claim 193 in which the device comprises one or more controlled inputs.
  - 197. The apparatus of claim 193 in which an input comprises a controlled voltage.
  - 198. The apparatus of claim 193 in which an input comprises a controlled mechanical force.
  - 199. The apparatus of claim 193 in which an input comprises a controlled temperature.
  - 200. The apparatus of claim 193 in which an input comprises a controlled pressure.
  - 201. The apparatus of claim 193 in which the device comprises a surface.

284. A combination comprisinginteraction with a system that has a perturbation,in such perturbed system an input is applied to a first variable of the system, andbased on an asymmetry of the perturbed system, achieving a directional effect in a second variable of the system,the first and second variables comprising a conjugate pair of variables.

285. A combination comprisinginteraction with a system that has a perturbation,in such perturbed system an input is applied to a first variable of the system, andbased on an asymmetry of the perturbed system, achieving a directional effect in a second variable of the system,the first and second variables comprising a conjugate pair of variables other than position and momentum.

286. A combination comprisingnon-physical interaction with a system that has a perturbation,in such perturbed system an input is applied to a first variable of the system, andbased on an asymmetry of the perturbed system, indirectly achieving a directional effect in a second variable of the system,the first and second variables comprising a conjugate pair of variables.

287. A combination comprisinginteraction with a system that has a perturbation,in such perturbed system an input is applied to a first variable of the system, andbased on an asymmetry of the perturbed system, achieving a directional effect in a second variable of the system,the first and second variables comprising a conjugate pair of variables,the input or the asymmetry is in a dimension other than spatial coordinates.

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Current Assignee
Dynamic Connections LLC
Original Assignee
Dynamic Connections LLC
Inventors
Tu, Eugene, Kibar, Osman, Chachisvilis, Mirianas

Application Number

US12/543,190
Publication Number

US 20100190198A1
Time in Patent Office

Days
Field of Search
US Class Current

435/29
CPC Class Codes

B01J 19/087   employing electric or magne...

B01J 2219/0809   employing two or more elect...

B01J 2219/0835   substantially flat

B01J 2219/0892   involving catalytically act...

ASYMMETRIC SYSTEMS

First Claim

1 Assignment

0 Petitions

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Abstract

20 Citations

289 Claims

Specification

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ASYMMETRIC SYSTEMS

First Claim

1 Assignment

Subscription Required

Subscription Required

0 Petitions

Subscription Required

Accused Products

Subscription Required

Abstract

20 Citations

289 Claims

Specification

Subscription Required

Use Cases

Quick Links

Others