ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

• US 20100203362A1
• Filed: 12/12/2007
• Published: 08/12/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/12/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (Commonwealth Of Australia As Represented By Department Of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research And Tertiary Education), Furukawa Battery Company Limited (Furukawa Electric Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (Commonwealth Of Australia As Represented By Department Of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research And Tertiary Education), Furukawa Battery Company Limited (Furukawa Electric Company Limited)
• Inventors: Furukawa, Jun, Lam, Lan Trieu
• Granted Patent: US 9,203,116 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/7
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/04 Hybrid capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/12 Stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/22 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/32 Carbon-based
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/36 Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/46 Metal oxides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/06 Lead-acid accumulators semi-lead accumulators H01M10/20
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/08 Selection of materials as electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4235 Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte H01M10/4242 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/021 Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/56 of lead
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/62 Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/73 for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

An energy storage device comprising at least one negative electrode, wherein each negative electrode is individually selected from (i) an electrode comprising negative battery electrode material; (ii) an electrode comprising capacitor electrode material; (iii) a mixed electrode comprising either—a mixture of battery and capacitor electrode material or—a region of battery electrode material and a region of capacitor electrode material, or—a combination thereof, and wherein the energy storage device either comprises at least one electrode of type (iii), or comprises at least one electrode of each of types (i) and (ii),—at least one positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode comprises positive battery electrode material and a charging ability-increasing additive, such as one or a mixture of: (a) carbon nanomaterial, vapour grown carbon fibre, fullerene, or a mixture thereof, and (b) tin dioxide conductive materials.

Claims

1. An energy storage device comprising:

at least one negative electrode, wherein each negative electrode is individually selected from;

(i) an electrode comprising negative battery electrode material;

(ii) an electrode comprising capacitor electrode material;

(iii) a mixed electrode comprising either

a mixture of battery and capacitor electrode material or

a region of battery electrode material and a region of capacitor electrode material, or

a combination thereof,

and wherein the energy storage device either comprises at least one electrode of type (iii), or comprises at least one electrode of each of types (i) and (ii),

at least one positive electrode,

wherein the positive electrode comprises positive battery electrode material and a charging ability-increasing additive.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the charging ability-increasing additive is selected from one or a mixture of:

(a) carbon nanomaterial, vapour grown carbon fibre, fullerene, or a mixture thereof, and

(b) tin dioxide conductive materials.

3. The energy storage device of claim 2, wherein the amount of charging ability-increasing additive in the positive electrode material is between 0.05-10% by weight, based on the total weight of positive electrode material.

4. The energy storage device of claim 3, wherein the amount of charging ability-increasing additive is between 0.1% and 1.0% by weight.

5. The energy storage device of claim 2, wherein the energy storage device is a lead-acid energy storage device, wherein the negative battery material is sponge lead, and the positive battery material is lead dioxide, and wherein the device further comprises sulphuric acid electrolyte.

6. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein the specific density of the sulphuric acid electrolyte is between 1.26-1.32.

7. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein the paste density of a paste of positive battery electrode material on the positive electrode is between 4.4 to 4.7 g/cm³.

8. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein the positive electrode comprises a current collector that is of between 0.8 and 2.2 mm in thickness.

9. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein the positive battery electrode material comprises an oxygen-suppressing additive.

10. The energy storage device of claim 9, wherein the oxygen-suppressing additive is selected from arc one or more of the following:

an oxide, hydroxide or sulfate of antimony,

an oxide, hydroxide or sulfate of bismuth,

an oxide, hydroxide or sulfate of arsenic.

11. The energy storage device of claim 10, wherein the oxygen-suppressing additive is present in the following amounts:

0-500 ppm antimony

100-1000 ppm bismuth

0-500 ppm arsenic,

wherein the ppm levels refer to parts per million based on lead oxide in the paste of positive battery electrode material applied to the positive electrode.

12. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein the capacitor electrode material of the negative electrode comprises:

5-85 weight % carbon black

20-80 weight % activated carbon

0-25 weight % carbon material other than carbon black and activated carbon,

0-30 weight % binder, and

0-20 weight % of a capacitor additive material.

13. The energy storage device of claim 12, wherein the capacitor additive material comprises one or more additives selected from oxides, hydroxides or sulfates of zinc, cadmium, bismuth, lead, silver.

14. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the negative electrodes comprise mixed electrodes of a mixture of battery and capacitor electrode material, and the capacitor material constitutes 0.5-15% of the mixture.

15. The energy storage device of claim 14, wherein the capacitor material constitutes 2-10% by weight of the mixture of battery and capacitor electrode material.

16. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the negative electrodes comprise mixed electrodes containing a region of battery electrode material and a region of capacitor electrode material.

17. The energy storage device of claim 16, wherein the region of battery electrode material comprises a layer of battery electrode material covering the faces of a current collector, and the region of capacitor electrode material is in the form of a layer of capacitor electrode material that overlies both faces of the battery electrode material.

18. The energy storage device of claim 17, wherein the amount capacitor electrode material forming the region of capacitor electrode material is from 1% to 15 wt % by weight of the battery electrode material.

19. The energy storage device of claim 18, wherein the amount capacitor electrode material forming the region is from 1% to 7% by weight of the battery electrode material.

20. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the positive electrodes comprise a current collector, a region of capacitor material and a region of positive battery electrode material.

21. The energy storage device of claim 20, wherein the capacitor material overlies the current collector, and the positive battery electrode material overlies the capacitor material.

22. The energy storage device of claim 20, wherein the capacitor material of the positive electrode comprises 1-6 wt % of the weight of positive battery electrode material.

23. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein subjecting the device to the cycling profile test set out in Example 6 gives a cycle number at least 10% greater than the cycle number for an identical device without the charging ability-increasing additive.

24. The energy storage device of claim 23, wherein the cycle number is at least 15% greater than the cycle number for the identical device without the charging ability-increasing additive.

25. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises:

a plurality of negative electrodes, each negative electrode comprising;

a current collector, with a coating of negative battery electrode material comprising;

90-95% PbO

0.05-0.1% wt. % plastic fibre

1-2 wt. % BaSO₄

0.1-0.6% wt. % Vanisperse

0.5-3 wt. % carbon black

4-6 wt. % H₂SO₄, in which the PbO and H₂SO₄ may be present as sponge lead following formation,

and a coating of a capacitor material on both faces of the negative battery electrode material at a level of 1-7 wt % based on the amount of negative battery electrode material, the capacitor material comprising;

5-85 wt. % carbon black

20-80 wt. % activated carbon

5-25 wt. % binder, and

a plurality of positive electrodes, each positive electrode comprising;

a current collector, with a coating of capacitor material comprising;

5-85 wt. % carbon black

20-80 wt. % activated carbon

5-25 wt. % binder, and

and a coating of a positive battery electrode material on both faces of the capacitor material, positive the battery electrode material comprising;

90-98 wt. % PbO

0.05-0.1 wt. % plastic fibre

3-7 wt. % H₂SO₄, and

0.1-15 wt. % of an additive selected from the group consisting of carbon nanomaterial, vapour grown carbon fibre, fullerene, tin dioxide conductive material, and mixtures thereof,

in which the PbO and H₂SO₄ may be present as lead dioxide following formation, and in which the amount of capacitor material on the positive electrode is between 1-6wt. % based on the positive battery electrode material.

26. An electrode for an energy storage device, the electrode comprising a current collector and at least one region which is pasted with a paste coating, wherein the paste coating comprises a mixture of battery electrode material and between 0.05-15% by weight of the paste coating, of one or more of:

(a) a capacitor electrode material which comprises;

5-85 weight % carbon black

20-80 weight % activated carbon

0-25 weight % carbon material other than carbon black and activated carbon, such as carbon fibre, graphite, carbon nanotube and/or fullerene,

0-30 weight % binder, and

0-20 weight % of a capacitor additive material,

(b) carbon nanomaterial, VGCF and/or fullerene, and

(c) tin dioxide-based conductive material.

27. The electrode of claim 26, wherein the electrode is a positive electrode, the battery electrode material is lead dioxide or lead oxide which can convert to lead dioxide, and the material mixed with the battery electrode material is selected from (b) and (c), and mixtures thereof.

28. The electrode of claim 26, wherein the electrode is a negative electrode, the battery electrode material is sponge lead or lead oxide which can convert to sponge lead, and the material mixed with the battery electrode material is material (a).

29. A hybrid battery-capacitor comprising:

at least one positive electrode comprising positive battery electrode material with the addition of charging ability-increasing additive,

at least one negative electrode or electrode region comprising negative battery electrode material,

capacitor material incorporated into at least one negative electrode of the device, either;

as a mixture with negative battery electrode material;

as a region of capacitor material on the negative electrode comprising battery electrode material;

on a separate negative electrode bearing capacitor material and no battery electrode material;

or

in a combination of these locations, and

an electrolyte in contact with the electrodes.

30. The hybrid battery capacitor of claim 29, wherein the charging ability-increasing additive is selected from one or a mixture of:

(a) carbon nanomaterial, vapour grown carbon fibre, fullerene, or a mixture thereof, and

(b) tin dioxide conductive materials.

31. The hybrid battery capacitor of claim 29 wherein the positive electrodes comprise a current collector, a region of capacitor material and a region of said positive battery electrode material.

32. The hybrid battery capacitor of claim 31, wherein the capacitor material overlies the current collector, and the positive battery electrode material overlies the capacitor material.

33. The hybrid battery capacitor of claim 31, wherein the capacitor material of the positive electrode comprises 1-6 wt % of the weight of positive battery electrode material.