IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES AND USES THEREOF
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Abstract
The present invention generally relates to uses of immobilized enzymes. Immobilized enzymes can be used for various chemical transformations, separations, and purifications and can be used in sensors and diagnostics
67 Citations
77 Claims
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1-57. -57. (canceled)
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58. An enzyme immobilized in a micellar or inverted micellar immobilization material capable of immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to a compound smaller than the enzyme and either:
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(a) when exposed to a temperature of at least about 65°
C. for at least about 18 hours, the stabilized enzyme retains at least about 12% of an activity of an otherwise identical free enzyme exposed to room temperature for the same amount of time;(b) when exposed to a temperature of at least about 95°
C. for at least about 18 hours, the stabilized enzyme retains at least about 1% of an activity of an otherwise identical free enzyme exposed to room temperature for the same amount of time;(c) when exposed to a pH of greater than about 12.5 for at least about 18 hours, the stabilized enzyme retains at least about 9% of an activity of an otherwise identical free enzyme exposed to its optimal pH for the same amount of time;
or(d) when exposed to a pH of less than about 2, the stabilized enzyme retains at least about 10% of its initial bioelectrocatalytic activity for at least about 1 hour when continuously catalyzing a chemical transformation. - View Dependent Claims (59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72)
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73. A process for catalyzing a reaction comprising catalyzing the reaction with an immobilized enzyme wherein the enzyme is immobilized in an enzyme immobilization material that immobilizes and stabilizes the enzyme, the material being permeable to a compound smaller than the enzyme, and wherein the reaction catalyzed is selected from
(a) conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid; -
(b) enantioselective oxidation or reduction of organic substrates with optional cofactor regeneration; (c) reactive separation of a component or components from a mixture; (d) esterification of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol; (e) liquefaction of corn or other cereals; (f) saccharification of corn or other cereals to convert starch into sugars; (g) isomerization of glucose to fructose; (h) synthesis of chiral compounds; (i) interesterification of oils; (j) degumming oil; (k) treating wastewater (reaction); (l) clarifying fruit juice; (m) producing glucose by the starch process; (n) producing glucose and galactose from lactose; (o) synthesizing compounds having peptide bonds; (p) producing 6-aminopenicillic acid from penicillin G; (q) converting sugars to alcohol; (r) removing sulfur from petroleum fractions; (s) converting acrylonitrile to acrylamide; (t) converting 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinamide; and (u) degrading stains in a laundry soil. - View Dependent Claims (74, 75, 76, 77)
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Specification