Microporation of Tissue for Delivery of Bioactive Agents
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Abstract
A method of enhancing the permeability of a biological membrane, including the skin or mucosa of an animal or the outer layer of a plant to a permeant is described utilizing microporation of selected depth and optionally one or more of sonic, electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal energy and a chemical enhancer. Microporation is accomplished to form a micropore of selected depth in the biological membrane and the porated site is contacted with the permeant. Additional permeation enhancement measures may be applied to the site to enhance both the flux rate of the permeant into the organism through the micropores as well as into targeted tissues within the organism.
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Citations
95 Claims
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1-73. -73. (canceled)
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74. An apparatus for delivering a formulation into an organism comprising:
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a supply of a dry powder formulation; and a heat conducting element, which, when put in substantial physical contact with a selected area of a biological membrane of the organism, is capable of porating the biological membrane at the selected area to form at least one micropore 1-1000 μ
m in diameter, by delivering sufficient energy to the selected area such that the temperature of tissue-bound water and other vaporizable substances in the selected area is elevated above the vaporization point of the water and other vaporizable substances, thereby removing the biological membrane in the selected area, and wherein the apparatus enables the dry powder formulation, when the dry powder formulation is put in contact with the selected area, to be taken up through the micropore into the organism, wherein the apparatus delivers the dry powder formulation into the organism. - View Dependent Claims (75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80)
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81. An apparatus for delivering a bioactive agent into an organism comprising:
a heat conducting element, which, when put in substantial physical contact with a selected area of a biological membrane of the organism, is capable of porating the biological membrane at the selected area to form at least one micropore 1-1000 μ
m in diameter, by delivering sufficient energy to the selected area such that the temperature of tissue-bound water and other vaporizable substances in the selected area is elevated above the vaporization point of the water and other vaporizable substances, thereby removing the biological membrane in the selected area, and wherein the apparatus enables the bioactive agent, when the bioactive agent is put in contact with the selected area, to be taken up through the micropore into the organism, wherein said bioactive agent is put in contact with the selected area in a form selected from the group consisting of a tablet and a bio-erodable matrix, wherein said bio-erodable matrix is fabricated in a manner to allow the bioactive agent to be released into the organism via the micropore, wherein the apparatus delivers the bioactive agent into the organism.
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82. A system for stimulating an immune response in an organism, comprising:
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a supply of a permeant; and a heat conducting element, which, when put in substantial physical contact with a selected area of a biological membrane of the organism, is capable of porating the biological membrane at the selected area to form at least one micropore 1-1000 μ
m in diameter and at a depth coincident with increased concentration of langerhans cells, by delivering sufficient energy to the selected area such that the temperature of tissue-bound water and other vaporizable substances in the selected area is elevated above the vaporization point of the water and other vaporizable substances, thereby removing the biological membrane in the selected area, and wherein the system enables the permeant, when the permeant is put in contact with the selected area, to be taken up through the micropore into the organism, wherein the system stimulates the immune response in the organism. - View Dependent Claims (83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89)
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90. A system for delivering a formulation into an organism comprising:
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a supply of a dry powder formulation; and a heat conducting element, which, when put in substantial physical contact with a selected area of a biological membrane of the organism, is capable of porating the biological membrane at the selected area to form at least one micropore 1-1000 μ
m in diameter, by delivering sufficient energy to the selected area such that the temperature of tissue-bound water and other vaporizable substances in the selected area is elevated above the vaporization point of the water and other vaporizable substances, thereby removing the biological membrane in the selected area, and wherein the system enables the dry powder formulation, when the dry powder formulation is put in contact with the selected area, to be taken up through the micropore into the organism, wherein the system delivers the dry powder formulation into the organism. - View Dependent Claims (91, 92, 93, 94, 95)
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Specification