Method and apparatus for processing electrochemical signals
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Abstract
Systems and methods are provided herein for improving the selectivity and productivity of sensors via digital signal processing techniques. According to one illustrative embodiment, in an electrochemical method for monitoring of a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, an improvement is provided that includes applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal; and resolving a signal contribution from the select analyte in the generated signal by a vector projection method with an analyte vector comprising a plurality of real and imaginary parts of one or more Fourier coefficients at one or more frequencies of a reference current signal for the select analyte.
23 Citations
67 Claims
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1-19. -19. (canceled)
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20. A method of constructing an estimation equation for monitoring a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte wherein said select analyte and said interfering analyte both generate a current in response to application of a common potential, the method comprising:
- selecting a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to generate a nonlinear current signal when applied to the sample said waveform comprising a plurality of portions in which change in potential over time is positive in alternating arrangement with a plurality of portions in which change in potential over time is negative;
selecting signal features of the current signal to use as parameters;
applying the waveform to samples containing different concentrations of both the select and interfering analytes, and measuring the resulting reference current signals;
computing values of each parameter for each reference signal;
constructing the estimation equation as a linear estimator, having a select number of the parameters, from the computed values and with sufficient accuracy to estimate a concentration of the select analyte in the samples. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64)
- selecting a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to generate a nonlinear current signal when applied to the sample said waveform comprising a plurality of portions in which change in potential over time is positive in alternating arrangement with a plurality of portions in which change in potential over time is negative;
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27-44. -44. (canceled)
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65. In an apparatus for monitoring a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, the improvement wherein the apparatus comprises means for applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal;
- and for resolving a signal contribution from the select analyte in the generated signal by a vector projection method with an analyte vector comprising a plurality of real and imaginary parts of one or more Fourier coefficients at one or more frequencies of a reference current signal for the select analyte.
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66. An apparatus comprising:
- a potentiostat circuit for applying a voltage waveform to and detecting a resulting current from an electrode system;
at least one memory having program instructions and a processor configured to execute the program instructions to perform the operations of;
applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal;
measuring the generated signal;
computing at least one Fourier coefficient of a desired frequency component of all or some portion of the generated signal; and
determining a concentration of the select analyte in the mixed sample by use of the at least one Fourier coefficient to resolve an estimation equation based on analyte vectors for each of the select and interfering analytes, wherein the electrode system comprises a biological recognition element. - View Dependent Claims (67)
- a potentiostat circuit for applying a voltage waveform to and detecting a resulting current from an electrode system;
Specification