GAS STREAM MULTI-POLLUTANTS CONTROL SYSTEMS AND METHODS
First Claim
1. A method of treating an industrial waste gas, wherein the gas comprises carbon dioxide and at least one other component selected from the group consisting of(a) SOx;
- (b) NOx;
(c) a metal;
(d) a non-carbon dioxide acid gas;
(e) an organic; and
(f) particulate matter, comprising contacting the gas with a liquid under conditions adapted to cause at least some of the carbon dioxide and the other component or components to exit the gas and enter the liquid, wherein the method is carried out in a single processor.
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Abstract
In some embodiments, the invention provides systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components of waste gas streams, comprising contacting the waste gas stream with an aqueous solution, removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components from the waste gas stream, and containing the carbon dioxide and/or additional components, in one form or another, in a composition. In some embodiments, the composition is a precipitation material comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or carbonates and bicarbonates. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises carbonate and/or bicarbonate co-products resulting from co-processing SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and/or certain metals. Additional waste streams such as liquid, solid, or multiphasic waste streams may be processed as well.
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Citations
114 Claims
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1. A method of treating an industrial waste gas, wherein the gas comprises carbon dioxide and at least one other component selected from the group consisting of
(a) SOx; -
(b) NOx; (c) a metal; (d) a non-carbon dioxide acid gas; (e) an organic; and (f) particulate matter, comprising contacting the gas with a liquid under conditions adapted to cause at least some of the carbon dioxide and the other component or components to exit the gas and enter the liquid, wherein the method is carried out in a single processor. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 62)
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31. A method comprising:
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(i) contacting a gas stream with an aqueous solution, wherein the gas stream comprises carbon dioxide and at least one other component selected from the group consisting of (a) SOx; (b) NOx; (c) a metal; (d) a non-carbon dioxide acid gas; (e) an organic; and (f) particulate matter, under conditions adapted to cause at least some of the carbon dioxide and the other component or components to exit the gas stream and enter the aqueous solution; and (ii) processing the aqueous solution to produce a composition comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or a combination of carbonates and bicarbonates, and the other component or a derivative thereof, or the other components and/or derivatives thereof, wherein the carbonates, bicarbonates, or the combination of carbonates and bicarbonates, is at least partially derived from the carbon dioxide. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61)
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63. A composition comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or a combination thereof, and a sulfur-containing compound, wherein the carbonates, bicarbonates, or combination thereof have a relative carbon isotope composition (δ
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13C) value less than −
5.00‰
, and wherein the composition, when subjected to a leaching process consisting essentially ofpreparing 2×
1 L of an extraction fluid consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, wherein each 1 L of the extraction fluid consists essentially of 5.7 mL acetic acid in deionized water;grinding the solid such that particles of ground solid are less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension if the particles are not already less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension; placing 100 g of the ground solid into an extraction vessel with 2 L of the extraction fluid to produce an extraction composition; rotating the extraction vessel in an end-over-end fashion for 18±
2 hours at room temperature;filtering the extraction composition through borosilicate glass fiber with a pore size of 0.6 μ
m to 0.8 μ
m to produce a leachate; andadjusting pH of the leachate with 1N nitric acid to a pH of pH 2 or less than pH 2, produces a leachate comprising less than 2.0 mg/L of mercury. - View Dependent Claims (64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75)
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13C) value less than −
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76. A composition comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or a combination thereof, and mercury, a mercury derivative, or a combination thereof, wherein the carbonates, bicarbonates, or the combination thereof have a relative carbon isotope composition (δ
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13C) value less than -5.00‰
, and wherein the composition, when subjected to a leaching process consisting essentially of preparing 2×
1 L of an extraction fluid consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, wherein each 1 L of the extraction fluid consists essentially of 5.7 mL acetic acid in deionized water;grinding the solid such that particles of ground solid are less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension if the particles are not already less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension; placing 100 g of the ground solid into an extraction vessel with 2 L of the extraction fluid to produce an extraction composition; rotating the extraction vessel in an end-over-end fashion for 18±
2 hours at room temperature;filtering the extraction composition through borosilicate glass fiber with a pore size of 0.6 μ
m to 0.8 μ
m to produce a leachate; andadjusting pH of the leachate with 1N nitric acid to a pH of pH 2 or less than pH 2 produces a leachate comprising less than 2.0 mg/L of mercury. - View Dependent Claims (77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82)
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13C) value less than -5.00‰
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83. A composition comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or a combination thereof, mercury, a mercury derivative, or a combination thereof, and sulfur-containing compound, wherein the composition,
(i) when subjected to a leaching process consisting essentially of preparing 2× - 1 L of an extraction fluid consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, wherein each 1 L of the extraction fluid consists essentially of 5.7 mL acetic acid in deionized water;
grinding the solid such that particles of ground solid are less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension if the particles are not already less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension; placing 100 g of the ground solid into an extraction vessel with 2 L of the extraction fluid to produce an extraction composition; rotating the extraction vessel in an end-over-end fashion for 18±
2 hours at room temperature;filtering the extraction composition through borosilicate glass fiber with a pore size of 0.6 μ
m to 0.8 μ
m to produce a leachate; andadjusting pH of the leachate with 1N nitric acid to a pH of pH 2 or less than pH 2, produces a leachate comprising less than 0.2 mg/L of mercury; and (ii) when subjected to a carbon dioxide release protocol consisting essentially of grinding the composition such that particles of ground composition are less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension if the particles are not already less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension and immersing the ground composition in a solution having a pH between pH 4.8 and pH 5.2 and a temperature between 60 and 80°
C. for 48 hours,produces no more than 5 grams carbon dioxide per 100 grams composition.
- 1 L of an extraction fluid consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, wherein each 1 L of the extraction fluid consists essentially of 5.7 mL acetic acid in deionized water;
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84. A system comprising
(i) a source of an industrial waste gas operably connected to (ii) a processor configured to (a) process the gas to at least partially remove carbon dioxide from the gas and also to at least partially remove at least one other component from the gas, wherein the other component is selected from the group consisting of SOx, NOx, a metal, particulate matter, a non-carbon dioxide acid gas, and an organic and (b) produce a composition comprising a product comprising at least a portion of the carbon dioxide, or one or more derivatives thereof, in combination with at least a portion of the other component or one or more derivatives thereof, wherein the composition is suitable for placement in the environment.
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112. A system comprising:
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(i) a source of an industrial waste gas comprising carbon dioxide and one or more other components selected from the group consisting of SOx, NOx, a metal, a non-carbon dioxide acid gas, an organic, and particulate matter; (ii) a processor configured to remove at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and the other component or components from the gas in a single processing unit; and (iii) a conduit operably connecting the source of industrial waste gas and the processor, wherein the conduit is configured to direct at least a portion of the industrial waste gas to the processor. - View Dependent Claims (113, 114)
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Specification