Systems, devices, and methods including paramagnetic oscillation, rotation and translation of hemozoin asymmetric nanoparticles in response to multi-harmonic optical detection of the presence of hemozoin

• US 20100222775A1
• Filed: 02/10/2010
• Published: 09/02/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Tokitae LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Searete LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Inventors: Myhrvold, Nathan P., Tegreene, Clarence T., Wood, Lowell L. JR., Kare, Jordin T., Wilson, Benjamin K., Hegg, Michael C., Horning, Matthew P.
• Granted Patent: US 8,585,567 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/33
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0238 Optical sensor arrangements for performing transmission measurements on body tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/1233 for measuring blood flow, e.g. at the retina
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0062 Arrangements for scanning
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/05 Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves impedance plethysmography A61B5/0295; measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/48 Other medical applications
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/06 Measuring blood flow measuring volume flow in general G01F, e.g. G01F1/66, G01F1/72; measuring speed of fluids in general G01P5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2/004 specially adapted for a specific therapy
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/00 Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light G01N3/00 - G01N19/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/49 within a body or fluid
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2333/445 Plasmodium
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/10 affording dark-field illumination G02B21/14 and G02B21/125 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/361 Optical details, e.g. image relay to the camera or image sensor G02B21/364 takes precedence; illumination details G02B21/06 and subgroups
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1313 specially adapted for a particular application
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/30 Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

Systems, devices, and methods are described for providing a monitor/treatment device configured to, for example, detect hemozoin, as well as to monitor or treat a malarial infection.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

circuitry configured to compare (a) a nonlinear multi-harmonic response energy profile associated with at least one focal volume interrogated with a spatially patterned pulsed electromagnetic energy stimulus to (b) reference hemozoin nonlinear response information; and

circuitry configured to magnetically induce at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological sample, the induced at least one of the oscillation, the translation, and the rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in the biological sample of a character and for a duration sufficient to affect the integrity of an organelle of a plasmodium parasite.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured to magnetically induce at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue includes a flexible circuit having a one or more conductive traces configured to generate a magnetic field in the presence of an applied potential.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured to magnetically induce at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue includes a printed circuit having a one or more conductive traces configured to generate a magnetic field in the presence of an applied electrical current.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured to magnetically induce at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue includes at least one of a transmitter, a receiver, and a transceiver.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured to magnetically induce at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue includes at least one electromagnet.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured to magnetically induce at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue includes at least one permanent magnet.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured to compare the nonlinear multi-harmonic response energy profile includes one or more computer-readable memory media having reference hemozoin nonlinear response information configured as a data structure, the reference hemozoin nonlinear response information including modeled reference comparison information.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry configured to compare the nonlinear multi-harmonic response energy profile includes one or more computer-readable memory media having reference hemozoin nonlinear response information configured as a data structure, the reference hemozoin nonlinear response information including at least one of in situ detected nonlinear response information, hemozoin spectral information, and hemozoin nonlinear susceptibility information.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

at least one processor operable to cause a storing of information associated with magnetically inducing at least one of the oscillation, the translation, and the rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue.

10. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

at least one processor operable to cause a storing of information associated with comparing the nonlinear multi-harmonic response information to the reference hemozoin response information on one or more computer-readable storage media.

11. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a power source, the power source including at least one of a thermoelectric generator, a piezoelectric generator, an electromechanical energy to electricity generator, and a biomechanical-energy harvesting generator.

12. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

circuitry configured to wirelessly receive power from a remote power supply.

13. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a power source, the power source electromagnetically, magnetically, ultrasonically, optically, inductively, electrically, or capacitively coupled to at least one of the circuitry configured to compare nonlinear multi-harmonic response energy profile and the circuitry configured to magnetically induce at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the power source is configured to manage a duty cycle associated with magnetically inducing at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the power source is configured to manage a duty cycle associated with comparing the nonlinear multi-harmonic response energy profile associated with at least one focal volume interrogated with the spatially patterned pulsed electromagnetic energy stimulus to reference hemozoin nonlinear response information.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the power source is configured to wirelessly receive power from a remote power supply.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the power source comprises at least one rechargeable power source.

18. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a power receiver configured to receive power from an ex vivo power source.

19. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a power receiver configured to receive power from an in vivo power source.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the in vivo power source includes at least one of a thermoelectric generator, a piezoelectric generator, an electromechanical energy to electricity generator, and a biomechanical-energy harvesting generator.

21. The system of claim 1, further comprising a power source.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the power source comprises at least one rechargeable power source.

23. The system of claim 21, wherein the power source is configured to wirelessly receive power from a remote power supply.

24. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

an energy storage device.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the energy storage device includes at least one of a battery, a capacitor, and a mechanical energy store.

26. The system of claim 24, wherein the energy storage device comprises at least one of a button cell, a chemical battery cell, a fuel cell, a secondary cell, a lithium ion cell, a micro-electric patch, a nickel metal hydride cell, silver-zinc cell, a capacitor, a super-capacitor, a thin film secondary cell, an ultra-capacitor, and a zinc-air cell.

27. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

circuitry configured to communicate comparison information associated with comparing the nonlinear multi-harmonic response energy profile.

28. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

circuitry configured to communicate treatment information associated with magnetically inducing at least one of the oscillation, the translation, and the rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue.

29. A method of enhancing a Brownian or Neelian process of a hemozoin nanoparticle, comprising:

comparing, using circuitry, (a) a nonlinear multi-harmonic response profile information associated with at least one focal volume interrogated with a spatially patterned pulsed electromagnetic energy stimulus to (b) a reference hemozoin nonlinear response information; and

applying a varying magnetic field to the at least one focal volume, the varying magnetic field energy sufficient to cause hemozoin nanoparticles to at least one of oscillate, a translate, and a rotate.

30. A method of treating a plasmodium parasitic infection, comprising:

comparing, using circuitry, (a) a nonlinear multi-harmonic response profile information associated with at least one focal volume interrogated with a spatially patterned pulsed electromagnetic energy stimulus to (b) a reference hemozoin nonlinear response information; and

magnetically inducing at least one of an oscillation, a translation, and a rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in the at least one focal volume.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein magnetically inducing the at least one of the oscillation, the translation, and the rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in the at least one focal volume includes energizing one or more conductive coils for a duration sufficient to generate a time-varying magnetic field of a character and for a duration sufficient to cause hemozoin nanoparticles to at least one of oscillate, translate, and rotate.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein magnetically inducing the at least one of the oscillation, the translation, and the rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in the at least one focal volume includes delivering an effective dose of a pulsed magnetic field stimulus to affect the integrity of an organelle of a malarial infectious agent based in part on the comparison of the nonlinear multi-harmonic response profile associated with the at least one focal volume to the reference hemozoin nonlinear response information.

33. The method of claim 30, wherein magnetically inducing the at least one of the oscillation, the translation, and the rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue includes providing a radio frequency coil assembly an effective amount of an applied current, the effective amount of an applied current of a character and for a duration sufficient to generate a magnetic field of a character and for a duration sufficient to cause one or more of oscillation, translation, and rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue.

34. The method of claim 30, wherein magnetically inducing the at least one of the oscillation, the translation, and the rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue includes delivering an effective dose of a pulsed magnetic field stimulus to cause one or more of oscillation, translation, and rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue.

35. The method of claim 30, wherein magnetically inducing the at least one of the oscillation, the translation, and the rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue includes delivering an effective dose of an electromagnetic energy stimulus to cause one or more of oscillation, translation, and rotation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue.