LITHIUM-ION BATTERY

• US 20100239908A1
• Filed: 05/27/2010
• Published: 09/23/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Howard, William G., Scott, Erik R., Schmidt, Craig L.
• Granted Patent: US 7,931,987 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/220
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3605 Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/378 Electrical supply
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4235 Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte H01M10/4242 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/136 Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/362 Composites
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/382 Lithium H01M4/405 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5815 Sulfides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material and a negative electrode comprising a current collector, a second active material, and a third active material. The second active material comprises a lithium titanate material and the third active material is selected from the group consisting of Li_xVO₂ where x is between 0.05 and 0.4, LiM_xMn_(2−x)O₄ where M is a metal and x is less than or equal to 1, V₆O₁₃, V₂O₅, V₃O₈, MoO₃, TiS₂, WO₂, MoO₂, RuO₂, and combinations thereof. The third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.

Claims

1. A lithium-ion battery comprising:

a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material; and

a negative electrode comprising a current collector, a second active material, and a third active material, wherein the second active material comprises a lithium titanate material and the third active material is selected from the group consisting of Li_xVO₂ where x is between 0.05 and 0.4, LiM_xMn<sub>(2−

x)</sub>O₄ where M is a metal and x is less than or equal to 1, V₆O₁₃, V₂O₅, V₃O₈, MoO₃, TiS₂, WO₂, MoO₂, RuO₂, and combinations thereof;

wherein the third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.

2. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a zero voltage crossing potential below the corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above the decomposition potential of the first active material.

3. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the first active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄.

4. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the current collector of the negative electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, aluminum, and titanium.

5. The lithium-ion battery of claim 4, wherein the second active material comprises Li₄Ti₅O₁₂.

6. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the third active material comprises V₆O₁₃.

7. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the third active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of V₂O₅, V₃O₈, MoO₃, TiS₂, WO₂, MoO₂, RuO₂, and combinations thereof.

8. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the third active material does not include lithium in the as-provided state and wherein the battery further comprises a quantity of lithium provided in electrical contact with the current collector of the negative electrode.

9. The lithium-ion battery of claim 8, wherein the quantity of lithium is configured to provide a lithium capacity for the negative electrode sufficient to at least compensate for irreversible loss of capacity of the negative electrode.

10. The lithium-ion battery of claim 8, wherein the quantity of lithium is configured to provide a lithium capacity equal to the sum of the irreversible loss of capacity of the negative electrode and the capacity of the third active material.

11. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, further comprising a porous polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

12. A battery comprising:

a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode comprises a LiCoO₂ active material and the negative electrode comprises a first active material and a second active material;

wherein the first active material comprises a lithium titanate material and the second active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of a current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the LiCoO₂ active material and comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of V₆O₁₃, V₂O₅, V₃O₈, MoO₃, TiS₂, WO₂, MoO₂, and RuO₂.

13. The battery of claim 12, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have zero voltage crossing potentials above the decomposition potential of the LiCoO₂ active material and below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode.

14. The battery of claim 12, wherein the second active material comprises V₆O₁₃.

15. The battery of claim 12, wherein the second active is selected from the group consisting of V₂O₅, V₃O₈, MoO₃, TiS₂, WO₂, MoO₂, and RuO₂.

16. The battery of claim 12, wherein the corrosion potential of the negative current collector is approximately 3.5 volts.

17. The battery of claim 12, further comprising a lithium patch in contact with the negative electrode.

18. A battery comprising:

a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode comprising a first active material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ and the negative electrode comprising a second active material and a third active material;

wherein the second active material comprises Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ and the third active material comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of Li_xVO₂ where x is less than or equal to 1, V₆O₁₃, V₂O₅, V₃O₈, MoO₃, TiS₂, WO₂, MoO₂, and RuO₂.

19. The battery of claim 18, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have zero voltage crossing potentials below the corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above the decomposition potential of the first active material.

20. The battery of claim 18, wherein the first active material is LiCoO₂.

21. The battery of claim 18, wherein the third active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of V₆O₁₃, V₂O₅, and V₃O₈.

22. The battery of claim 18, wherein the third active is selected from the group consisting of MoO₃, TiS₂, WO₂, MoO₂, and RuO₂.

23. The battery of claim 18, wherein the negative electrode comprises a current collector formed of a material selected from the group consisting of copper, titanium, aluminum, and nickel.

24. The battery of claim 23, further comprising a lithium patch in electrical contact with the current collector of the negative electrode.