APPARATUS, METHOD, AND SYSTEM FOR CONVEYING ELECTRICAL ENERGY

• US 20100253145A1
• Filed: 04/03/2009
• Published: 10/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/03/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: King, Robert Dean, Zhou, Zhi
• Granted Patent: US 7,928,598 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 307/46
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/20 AC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0069 relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/30 using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/64 Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

An apparatus, system, and method, the apparatus includes an intelligent energy transfer system including a configurable switching system electrically coupleable to a vehicle. The vehicle includes one of an electric vehicle and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. The configurable switching system is configured to convey a first direct current (DC) energy from a first energy source to an energy storage system of the vehicle, receive a first alternating current (AC) energy conveyed to the vehicle, convey a second DC energy from the vehicle to a first DC powered load, and convey a second AC energy from the vehicle to a first AC powered load. Each of the first energy source, the first AC powered load, and the first DC powered load are located remotely from the vehicle.

Claims

1. An intelligent energy transfer system comprising:

a configurable switching system electrically coupleable to a vehicle, the vehicle comprising one of an electric vehicle and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, wherein the configurable switching system is configured to;

convey a first direct current (DC) energy from a first energy source to an energy storage system of the vehicle;

receive a first alternating current (AC) energy conveyed to the vehicle from a second energy source;

convey a second DC energy from the vehicle to a first DC powered load; and

convey a second AC energy from the vehicle to a first AC powered load, wherein each of the first energy source, the second energy source, the first AC powered load, and the first DC powered load are located remotely from the vehicle.

2. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 1 wherein the configurable switching system comprises a configurable load panel located remotely from the vehicle, the configurable load panel configured to convey the first DC energy to the energy storage system, the second DC energy to the first DC powered load, a third DC energy to the vehicle, and the second AC energy to the first AC powered load, wherein the first AC energy is transformed into the third DC energy by the configurable switching system.

3. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 1 wherein the configurable switching system comprises a configurable load panel fixedly attached to the vehicle, the configurable load panel configured to convey the first DC energy to the energy storage system, the second DC energy to the first DC powered load, a third DC energy to the vehicle, and the second AC energy to the first AC powered load, wherein the first AC energy is transformed into the third DC energy by the configurable switching system.

4. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 3 wherein the configurable load panel is further configured to convey at least one of the first DC energy and the first AC energy to an auxiliary load electrically coupleable to the vehicle, the auxiliary load being located remotely from the vehicle.

5. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 1 wherein the energy storage system comprises at least one of a battery, an ultracapacitor, and a flywheel, and wherein the configurable switching system is simultaneously coupleable to at least two of the first energy source, the second energy source, the first DC powered load, and the first AC powered load.

6. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 5 wherein the configurable switching system further comprises a bi-directional AC to DC converter fixedly coupled to the vehicle and configured to transform the first AC energy to a third DC energy and to convey the third DC energy to an energy storage system of the vehicle.

7. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 6 wherein the bi-directional AC to DC converter is further configured to transform a DC supply energy from the energy storage system to the second AC energy.

8. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 1 further comprising an interface cable coupled to the configurable switching system and configured to convey at least one of the first DC energy and the first AC energy to the configurable switching system.

9. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 1 further comprising a magnetic energy coupling device coupled to the configurable switching system and configured to convey at least one of the first DC energy and the first AC energy to the configurable switching system.

10. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 1 further comprising a wireless power transfer coupling device coupled to the configurable switching system and configured to convey at least one of the first DC energy and the first AC energy to the configurable switching system.

11. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 1 further comprising a controller electrically coupled to the configurable switching system and configured to control the configurable switching system.

12. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 11 wherein the controller is programmed to:

determine if a ground fault current between the energy storage system and an earth ground is above a ground fault threshold; and

cause the configurable switching system to withhold at least one of conveyance of the first DC energy, conveyance of the second DC energy, and conveyance of the second AC energy if the ground fault current is above the ground fault threshold.

13. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 11 wherein the controller is programmed to:

acquire at least two energy values of one of the first DC energy and the first AC energy, the energy values selected from the group consisting of frequency, voltage, and phase; and

at least one of;

initiate the conveyance of the first DC energy to the energy storage system based on the acquired frequency and voltage values; and

transform the first AC energy into a third DC energy based on the acquired frequency, voltage, and phase values.

14. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 13 wherein the controller is programmed to:

acquire a state-of-charge (SOC) value of a battery of the energy storage system; and

at least one of;

initiate the conveyance of the first DC energy to the energy storage system based on the acquired SOC value; and

initiate the transformation of the first AC energy based on the acquired SOC value.

15. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 13 wherein the controller is programmed to cause a termination of at least one of the conveyance of the first DC energy and the transformation of the first AC energy when at least one of a state-of-charge threshold, a voltage threshold, and a power threshold is met.

16. The intelligent energy transfer system of claim 13 wherein the controller is programmed to:

determine a debit monetary value of at least one of the conveyance of the first DC energy and the conveyance of the first AC energy;

determine a credit monetary value of the conveyance of at least one of the second DC energy and the second AC energy; and

initiate at least one of the conveyance of the first DC energy and the transformation of the first AC energy based on at least one of the credit monetary value and the debit monetary value.

17. A configurable energy conveyance system comprising:

an energy storage system mechanically coupled to a vehicle, wherein the vehicle is one of an electric vehicle and a plug-in electric hybrid vehicle;

a configurable switching system electrically coupleable to the vehicle; and

a processing system coupled to the configurable switching system and configured to control the configurable switching system, the processing system programmed to;

initiate a first transfer of electrical energy from the energy storage system through the configurable switching system to a first load outside the vehicle, the first load comprising an alternating current (AC) load;

initiate a second transfer of electrical energy from the energy storage system through the configurable switching system to a second load outside the vehicle, the second load comprising a direct current (DC) load;

initiate a transformation of AC electrical energy from an AC source outside the vehicle into DC energy; and

initiate a third transfer of electrical energy from a DC source outside the vehicle to the energy storage system.

18. The configurable energy conveyance system of claim 17 further comprising:

a first transceiver coupled to the vehicle; and

a second transceiver coupled to the configurable switching system and configured to receive energy data relating to at least one of the first load, the second load, the AC source, and the DC source; and

wherein the second transceiver is further configured to transmit the energy data via at least one of a wireless mode and a wired power line mode to the first transceiver

19. The configurable energy conveyance system of claim 17 wherein the processing system is further programmed to regulate at least one of the transformation of the AC electrical energy, the first transfer of electrical energy, the second transfer of electrical energy, and the third transfer of electrical energy.

20. The configurable energy conveyance system of claim 17 wherein the processing system is programmed to:

determine if at least one of the AC load and the DC load can accept an electrical power within at least one of a voltage threshold, a current threshold, and a power threshold; and

base the initiation of at least one of the first transfer of electrical energy and the second transfer of electrical energy on the determination.

21. The configurable energy conveyance system of claim 17 wherein the processing system is programmed to:

independently compare a plurality of electrical attributes of the energy storage system with a plurality of respective transfer thresholds, the plurality of electrical attributes comprising a state-of-charge (SOC) value of a portion of the energy storage system and a ground fault current; and

base the initiation of the first transfer of electrical energy and the second transfer of electrical energy on the comparison of the plurality of electrical attributes with the plurality of transfer thresholds.

22. The configurable energy conveyance system of claim 21 wherein the processing system is programmed to determine a state-of-health (SOH) value of the portion of the electrical energy storage system, the plurality of electrical attributes further comprises the SOH value, and wherein the determination of the SOH value is based on at least one of:

a battery terminal voltage as a function of current;

an estimate of battery internal resistance;

a battery temperature;

a battery voltage at the SOC value; and

a trend of battery resistance.

23. A method of manufacturing an energy transfer system comprising:

configuring a switching system for a vehicle to provide a first direct current (DC) energy from a first energy source to an energy storage system of the vehicle, the vehicle comprising one of an electric vehicle and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and wherein the first energy source is located remotely from the vehicle;

programming a conversion device to transform an alternating current (AC) energy passed to the vehicle from a second energy source into a second DC energy based on a voltage of the AC energy, the second energy source located remotely from the vehicle;

configuring the switching system to provide a DC supply energy to a DC load located remotely from the vehicle; and

configuring the switching system to provide an AC supply energy to an AC load located remotely from the vehicle.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising programming the switching system to:

determine a state of charge (SOC) of the at least one battery;

compare the SOC to a SOC threshold; and

at least one of

initiate a transference of the first DC energy based on the comparison; and

initiate the transformation of the AC energy based on the comparison.

25. The method of claim 24 further comprising programming the switching system to:

synchronize the first DC energy with the energy storage system of the vehicle, the energy storage system comprising at least one of a battery, an ultracapacitor, and a flywheel; and

synchronize the AC energy with the energy storage system.

26. The method of claim 23 further comprising:

programming the switching system to determine at least two of an input phase, an input frequency, and an input voltage for at least one of the DC load and the AC load; and

at least one of;

initiate a transference of the DC supply energy to the DC load based on the determined input frequency and input voltage of the DC load; and

initiate a transference of the AC supply energy to the AC load based on the determined input phase, input frequency, and input voltage of the AC load.