Systems, devices, and methods including paramagnetic oscillation, rotation and translation of hemozoin asymmetric nanoparticles in response to multi-harmonic optical detection of the presence of hemozoin

• US 20100256437A1
• Filed: 02/10/2010
• Published: 10/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Tokitae LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Searete LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Inventors: Myhrvold, Nathan P., Tegreene, Clarence T., Wood, Lowell L. JR., Kare, Jordin T., Wilson, Benjamin K., Hegg, Michael C., Horning, Matthew P.
• Granted Patent: US 8,840,536 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/10
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0238 Optical sensor arrangements for performing transmission measurements on body tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/1233 for measuring blood flow, e.g. at the retina
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0062 Arrangements for scanning
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/05 Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves impedance plethysmography A61B5/0295; measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/48 Other medical applications
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/06 Measuring blood flow measuring volume flow in general G01F, e.g. G01F1/66, G01F1/72; measuring speed of fluids in general G01P5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2/004 specially adapted for a specific therapy
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/00 Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light G01N3/00 - G01N19/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/49 within a body or fluid
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2333/445 Plasmodium
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/10 affording dark-field illumination G02B21/14 and G02B21/125 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 21/361 Optical details, e.g. image relay to the camera or image sensor G02B21/364 takes precedence; illumination details G02B21/06 and subgroups
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1313 specially adapted for a particular application
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/30 Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

Systems, devices, and methods are described for providing a monitor/treatment device configured to, for example, detect hemozoin, as well as to monitor or treat a malarial infection.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

an actively-controllable magnetic field generator configured to deliver a varying magnetic field stimulus at a dose sufficient to cause heat generation from hemozoin nanoparticles within a biological sample; and

a controller operatively coupled to the actively-controllable magnetic field generator, the controller including one or more processors for controlling at least one of a magnetic field ON duration, a magnetic field strength, a magnetic field frequency, and a magnetic field waveform.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actively-controllable magnetic field generator includes circuitry configured to generate and deliver an electromagnetic energy stimulus of a character and for a duration sufficient to cause hemozoin nanoparticles within the biological sample interrogated by an electromagnetic energy stimulus to generate thermal energy.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actively-controllable magnetic field generator includes a magnetic field generating coil assembly for applying a varying magnetic field.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actively-controllable magnetic field generator includes one or more coils that are configured to generate a magnetic field of a character and for a duration sufficient to increase the temperature of a region within a plasmodium parasite including the hemozoin nanoparticles by about 3°

C. to about 22°

C.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actively-controllable magnetic field generator is configured to generate a magnetic field of a sufficient strength or duration to attenuate an activity of a malarial infectious agent.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actively-controllable magnetic field generator is configured to provide a magnetic field of a character and for a duration sufficient to ameliorate a plasmodium parasitic effect without substantially disrupting the integrity of an erythrocyte encapsulating a plasmodium parasite.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actively-controllable magnetic field generator is configured to provide a magnetic field of a character and for a duration sufficient to cause programmed cell death of a host cell carrying the malarial infectious agent.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actively-controllable magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field of a character and for a duration sufficient to induce heat-damage to an organelle membrane within a plasmodium parasite within the biological sample.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller includes one or more processors for generating a control signal associated with actively controlling at least one of a duty cycle, a pulse train frequency, and pulse repetition rate associated with a magnetic field applied to the biological sample.

25. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller includes one or more processors for generating a control signal associated with actively controlling a magnetic field spatial distribution.

26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller includes one or more processors for generating a control signal associated with actively controlling a magnetic field temporal pattern.

28. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller includes one or more processors for generating a control signal associated with actively controlling a polarization of a generated magnetic field.

29. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a sensor component configured to detect a nonlinear multi-harmonic response profile associated with hemozoin nanoparticles interrogated by an electromagnetic energy stimulus, and configured to compare the detect nonlinear multi-harmonic response profile to one or more reference hemozoin nonlinear response profiles.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the controller is configured to actuate the actively-controllable magnetic field generator in response to the comparison of the detect nonlinear multi-harmonic response profile to one or more reference hemozoin nonlinear response profiles.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the controller is configured to change a magnetic field spatial distribution pattern in response to the sensor'"'"'s detection of a nonlinear multi-harmonic response profile associated with hemozoin nanoparticles in the biological sample.

33. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the controller is configured to change a magnetic field temporal pattern in response to the sensor'"'"'s detection of a nonlinear multi-harmonic response profile associated with hemozoin nanoparticles in the biological sample.

3. (canceled)

5-7. -7. (canceled)

9-11. -11. (canceled)

13. (canceled)

15. (canceled)

17-19. -19. (canceled)

21. (canceled)

23. (canceled)

24. (canceled)

27. (canceled)

31. (canceled)

34. A method of heat-shocking a plasmodium parasite, comprising:

delivering a time varying magnetic field energy to the biological subject, the time varying magnetic field energy sufficient to cause hemozoin nanoparticles in the plasmodium parasite to generate thermal energy.

35. A method of treating a biological subject suspected of being infected with a plasmodium parasite, comprising:

delivering targeted magnetic heating within a biological subject suspected of having a plasmodium parasite by sufficiently varying an applied magnetic field so as to cause hemozoin nanoparticles within a plasmodium parasite to generate thermal energy.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein delivering the targeted magnetic heating includes providing an alternating external magnetic field stimulus via one or more magnetic energy-emitting components to one or more regions of a biological subject suspected of having a malaria infection, the alternating external magnetic field stimulus of a character and for a duration sufficient to cause heat-induced programmed cell death of plasmodium parasites.

39. The method of claim 35, wherein delivering the targeted magnetic heating includes delivering an effective dose of a pulsed magnetic field stimulus to cause one or more of Brown relaxation and Neé

l relaxation of hemozoin nanoparticles in a biological tissue, the effective dose sufficient to increase the temperature in a region within the plasmodium parasite by about 3°

C. to about 22°

C.

43. The method of claim 35, wherein delivering the targeted magnetic heating includes varying at least one of a duty cycle, a magnetic field strength, a magnetic field frequency, and a magnetic field waveform associated with the applied external magnetic field.

37. (canceled)

38. (canceled)

40-42. -42. (canceled)

44. A system for modulating plasmodium parasitic activity, comprising:

circuitry configured to generate a magnetic field stimulus of a character and for a duration sufficient to elicit hemozoin nanoparticles within a biological sample to deliver magnetically induced hyperthermia therapy in vivo; and

circuitry configured to dynamically control the magnetic field stimulus.

45. The system of claim 44, wherein the circuitry configured to generate the electromagnetic field stimulus includes a radio frequency transmitter configured to generate a radio frequency signal.

46. The system of claim 44, wherein the circuitry configured to generate the electromagnetic field stimulus includes one or more conductive traces configured to generating a magnetic field in the presence of an applied potential.

50. The system of claim 44, wherein the circuitry configured to dynamically control the magnetic field stimulus includes one or more processors operably coupled to the circuitry configured to generate the electromagnetic field stimulus and configured to manage one or more parameters associated with deliver of a pulsed magnetic stimulus to a region of a biological subject.

51. The system of claim 44, wherein the circuitry configured to dynamically control the magnetic field stimulus includes one or more processors configured to regulate at least one of a delivery regimen parameter, a spaced-apart delivery pattern parameter, and a temporal delivery pattern parameter associated with generating the electromagnetic field stimulus.

52. The system of claim 44, further comprising:

at least one of a transmitter, a receiver, and a transceiver configured to acquire magnetization-induced nonlinear optical response information emitted by the biological sample.

47-49. -49. (canceled)