HIP IMPLANT REGISTRATION IN COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY

• US 20100261998A1
• Filed: 11/19/2008
• Published: 10/14/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 11/19/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Blue Ortho
• Original Assignee: Blue Ortho
• Inventors: Stiehl, James B.
• Granted Patent: US 9,017,335 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/424
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/108 Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2055 Optical tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/32 for the hip

Abstract

A computer assisted surgical navigation system and method is disclosed for registering the position of prosthetic hip joint components. Elements are applied to the pelvis and femur, generating a three-dimensional array. These two arrays combine to derive a reference point representing the native joint. A tracking device with a pre-determined shape and dimensions that precisely articulate with an acetabular cup component generates a third three-dimensional array. The device has a further shape and dimensions that independently articulate precisely with a neck portion of a femoral component, which represents a prosthetic joint center that is independently registered in the system. The tracking device concurrently registers the three dimensional positions of the femoral and acetabular prosthetic components, along with the prosthetic joint center and the native joint center, respectively enabling alterations in three dimensional location of the leg length and offset prior to reduction of the prosthetic joint.

Claims

1. A computer assisted surgical navigation system for registering the position of prosthetic hip joint components, the system comprising:

a first reference element applied to the pelvis that generates a first three-dimensional dynamic reference array, which is independently registered in the system;

a second reference element applied to the femur that generates a second three-dimensional dynamic reference array, which is independently registered in the system;

a three-dimensional dynamic reference point representing the native anatomical center that is independently registered in the system and derived from the first and second dynamic arrays;

a tracking device that generates a third three-dimensional dynamic reference array, which is independently registered in the system, the device having a pre-determined shape and dimensions that precisely articulate with an acetabular component and a further shape and dimensions that independently articulate precisely with a neck portion of a femoral component, representing a prosthetic joint center independently registered in the system; and

wherein the tracking device concurrently registers in the system the three dimensional positions of the femoral and acetabular prosthetic components, the prosthetic joint center and the native anatomical joint center, respectively, to intraoperatively represent alterations in three dimensional location of the leg length and offset prior to any reduction of the prosthetic joint.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising an optical camera registered in the system for tracking the device.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the tracking device is a hemispherical ball having a pre-determined geometry and dimensions, which precisely articulate with the acetabular component.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the tracking device is a hemispherical ball having a further pre-determined geometry and dimensions, which precisely articulate with the neck portion of the femoral prosthesis.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the tracking device has a further pre-determined geometry and dimensions, which precisely articulate with a modular neck of the femoral prosthesis.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the tracking device has a further pre-determined geometry and dimension including a slot that precisely articulates with a trunion on the neck of the femoral prosthesis.

7. The system of claim 2 wherein the reference elements each have individualized arrangements of optical markers.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the tracking device may be attached to a trial implant or rasp instrument, or to a primary implantable femoral component.

20. The system of claim 1 wherein the femoral component is a modular trial instrument or broach adapted for precisely articulating with the tracking device.

9. A computer assisted surgical navigation system for registering the position of prosthetic hip joint components, the system comprising:

a first reference element applied to the pelvis that generates a first three-dimensional dynamic reference array, which is independently registered in the system;

a second reference element applied to the femur that generates a second three-dimensional dynamic reference array, which is independently registered in the system;

a three-dimensional dynamic reference point representing the native anatomical center that is independently registered in the system and derived from the first and second dynamic arrays;

a tracking device having a pre-determined hemispherical shape and dimensions, which generates a third three-dimensional dynamic reference array independently registered in the system, the device precisely articulating with an acetabular cup component, the device having a further pre-determined geometry and dimension that independently and precisely articulates with a modular neck of a femoral component to represent a prosthetic joint center that is independently registered in the system; and

wherein the tracking device concurrently registers in the system the three dimensional positions of the femoral and acetabular components, the prosthetic joint center and the native anatomical joint center, respectively, to intraoperatively represent alterations in three dimensional location of the leg length and offset prior to any reduction of the prosthetic joint.

10. A method for registering the position of prosthetic hip joint components during a total joint arthroplasty procedure, which comprises:

providing a computer assisted three-dimensional surgical navigation system;

applying a first reference element to the pelvis, generating a first three-dimensional dynamic reference array and independently registering the first array in the system;

applying a second reference element to the femur, generating a second three-dimensional dynamic reference array and independently registering the second array in the system;

independently registering a three-dimensional dynamic reference point representing the native anatomical center in the system, derived from the first and second dynamic arrays;

providing a tracking device with a pre-determined shape and dimensions, generating a third three-dimensional dynamic reference array representing the device and independently registering it in the system;

precisely articulating the device with a correspondingly shaped and sized acetabular cup component and independently with a neck portion of a femoral component, representing a prosthetic joint center and independently registering it in the system;

concurrently registering the three-dimensional positions of the femoral and acetabular components, the prosthetic joint center and the native anatomical joint center, respectively, in the system; and

intraoperatively representing alterations in three dimensional location of the leg length and offset in the system, prior to any reduction of the prosthetic joint.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of tracking the device using an optical camera registered in the system.

12. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of providing the device with a hemispherical ball shape having pre-determined dimensions and precisely articulating the ball with the acetabular cup component.

13. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of providing the device with a hemispherical ball shape having pre-determined dimensions and precisely articulating the ball with the neck of the femoral component.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of providing the femoral component with a modular neck.

15. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of providing the ball with a slot that engages a trunion on the neck of the femoral prosthesis.

16. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of attaching the tracking device to a trial implant or rasp instrument, or to a primary implantable femoral component.

17. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of providing first and second reference elements with individualized arrangements of optical markers.

18. A computer assisted surgical navigation system for registering the position of prosthetic hip joint components, the system comprising:

an optical reader or camera, registered in the system;

a first reference element applied to the pelvis including an individualized arrangement of optical markers that generates a first three-dimensional dynamic reference array, which is independently registered in the system;

a second reference element applied to the femur including another individualized arrangement of optical markers that generates a second three-dimensional dynamic reference array, which is independently registered in the system;

a three-dimensional dynamic reference point representing the native anatomical center that is independently registered in the system and derived from the first and second dynamic arrays;

a tracking device discernable by the camera or reader and generating a third three-dimensional dynamic reference array, which is independently registered in the system, the device having a pre-determined hemispherical shape and dimensions that precisely articulate with an acetabular cup component, the device independently having a further geometry and dimension that precisely articulates with a neck of a femoral component to represent a prosthetic joint center, which is independently registered in the system; and

wherein the tracking device concurrently registers in the system the three dimensional positions of the femoral and acetabular components, the prosthetic joint center and the native anatomical joint center, respectively, to intraoperatively represent alterations in three dimensional location of the leg length and offset prior to any reduction of the prosthetic joint.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the tracking device may be attached to a trial implant or broach instrument, or to a primary implantable femoral component.