LIGHT COLLECTION AND ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS EMPLOYING PLANAR WAVEGUIDE
First Claim
1. An apparatus for light collimation and distribution, comprising:
- a planar waveguide having an optically transparent planar material having edges disposed between a first planar surface and a second planar surface;
said planar waveguide is configured to receive light on one edge of said planar material, and to propagate the received light through said planar waveguide in response to optical transmission and total internal reflection;
a plurality of light collimating elements within a collimating array which is disposed in an optical receiving relationship with a planar surface of said planar waveguide; and
a plurality of light deflecting elements optically coupled to said waveguide and configured for deflecting light propagating through said planar waveguide at a sufficiently low angle, below the predetermined critical angle for total internal reflection (TIR), with respect to a surface normal direction of an exterior surface of said planar waveguide to exit said planar waveguide and enter said collimating array;
wherein each of said plurality of light deflecting elements is in a predetermined alignment with each of said plurality of light collimating elements; and
wherein light received on the edge of said planar waveguide is angularly redirected, collimated, and distributed from the surface of said collimating array which is optically coupled to said planar waveguide.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An apparatus for distributing light from a waveguide through a collimating array, or collecting light over a given area into a waveguide. Light received within a waveguide is propagated transmissively and retained by total internal reflection, except in response to impinging upon deflector elements which sufficiently redirect the light to escape the waveguide into a collimator array that aligns and distributes the light. In a light collector, a collection array collects and collimates the received light and directs it at the surface of a waveguide, within which deflectors properly positioned in relation to each collector of the collector array, deflect the angle of the light so that it propagates through the waveguide in response to total internal reflection. The apparatus can be fabricated into an efficient and compact form.
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Citations
61 Claims
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1. An apparatus for light collimation and distribution, comprising:
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a planar waveguide having an optically transparent planar material having edges disposed between a first planar surface and a second planar surface; said planar waveguide is configured to receive light on one edge of said planar material, and to propagate the received light through said planar waveguide in response to optical transmission and total internal reflection; a plurality of light collimating elements within a collimating array which is disposed in an optical receiving relationship with a planar surface of said planar waveguide; and a plurality of light deflecting elements optically coupled to said waveguide and configured for deflecting light propagating through said planar waveguide at a sufficiently low angle, below the predetermined critical angle for total internal reflection (TIR), with respect to a surface normal direction of an exterior surface of said planar waveguide to exit said planar waveguide and enter said collimating array; wherein each of said plurality of light deflecting elements is in a predetermined alignment with each of said plurality of light collimating elements; and wherein light received on the edge of said planar waveguide is angularly redirected, collimated, and distributed from the surface of said collimating array which is optically coupled to said planar waveguide. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
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30. An apparatus for light collimation and distribution, comprising:
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a planar waveguide having an optically transparent planar material configured to receive light on one edge of said planar material, and to propagate the received light through said planar waveguide in response to optical transmission and total internal reflection; a parallel collimating array having a plurality of elongated light collimating lenses disposed in an optical receiving relationship with a planar surface of said planar waveguide; and a parallel deflecting array having a plurality of elongated light deflecting grooves within said planar waveguide which are configured for deflecting light propagating through said waveguide at a sufficiently low angle, below the predetermined critical angle for total internal reflection (TIR), with respect to a surface normal direction of an exterior surface of said planar waveguide to exit said planar waveguide and enter said parallel collimating array; wherein each of said plurality of elongated light deflecting grooves is in a predetermined alignment with each of said plurality of elongated light collimating lenses; and wherein light received on the edge of said planar waveguide is angularly redirected, collimated, and distributed from the surface of said parallel collimating array which is optically coupled to said planar waveguide.
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31. A method for distributing radiant energy comprising:
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receiving radiant energy into an edge of an optical waveguide having edges disposed between a first planar surface and a second planar surface; propagating the radiant energy by optical transmission and total internal reflection in an optical material disposed between the first planar surface and the second planar surface along the length of the optical waveguide; deflecting the radiant energy at a plurality of deflecting elements distributed along the first planar surface and/or second planar surface of the optical waveguide to a sufficiently low angle, below the predetermined critical angle for total internal reflection (TIR) which is with respect to a surface normal direction of the first planar surface or second planar surface of the optical waveguide, causing the radiant energy to exit the surface of the optical waveguide through the first planar surface and/or the second planar surface; and collimating the radiant energy exiting the optical waveguide at a plurality of focal zones in response to the radiant energy passing through a plurality of radiation collimating elements.
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32. An apparatus for collecting light, comprising:
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a plurality of light collecting elements within a collector array configured for collecting received light; a planar waveguide having edges disposed between a first planar surface and a second planar surface; said planar waveguide is disposed in an optical receiving relationship with said collector array and configured to propagate the received light by optical transmission and total internal reflection; and a plurality of light deflecting elements optically coupled to said planar waveguide with each of said plurality of light deflecting elements disposed in energy receiving relationship within said planar waveguide to at least one of said plurality of light collecting elements; wherein each of said plurality of light deflecting elements is configured to redirect incident light at a sufficiently high angle, above the predetermined critical angle for total internal reflection (TIR) with respect to a surface normal direction with respect to the first planar surface or the second planar surface of said planar waveguide, to redirect and propagate the received light within said planar waveguide by optical transmission and TIR. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59)
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60. An apparatus for collecting light, comprising:
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a parallel collecting array having a plurality of elongated light collecting structures configured for collecting received light; a planar waveguide having edges disposed between a first planar surface and a second planar surface; said planar waveguide is disposed in an optical receiving relationship with said collector array and configured to propagate the received light by elements of optical transmission and total internal reflection; and a parallel deflecting array having a plurality of light deflecting groove structures optically coupled to said planar waveguide with each of said plurality of light deflecting groove structures disposed in light receiving relationship within said planar waveguide to at least one of said light collecting structures; wherein each of said plurality of light deflecting groove structures is configured to redirect incident light at a sufficiently high angle, above the predetermined critical angle for total internal reflection (TIR) with respect to a surface normal direction of an exterior surface of said planar waveguide, to redirect and propagate the received light within said planar waveguide by optical transmission and TIR.
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61. A method for collecting radiant energy comprising:
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concentrating a radiant energy received upon a plurality of focal zones in response to a plurality of radiation concentrator elements; directing the radiant energy from said plurality of focal zones through a first planar surface into an optical waveguide having edges disposed between a first planar surface and a second planar surface; deflecting the radiant energy at a plurality of deflecting elements positioned to received the radiant energy from the focal zones, and to deflect the radiant energy into the planar waveguide at angles exceeding the critical angle of total internal reflection in said waveguide, which is with respect to a surface normal direction of the first planar surface or second planar surface of the optical waveguide; and propagating said radiant energy through said optical waveguide by optical transmission and total internal reflection.
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Specification