Electrodes with Multilayer Membranes and Methods of Using and Making the Electrodes

• US 20100288633A1
• Filed: 07/26/2010
• Published: 11/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 05/12/2000
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories)
• Original Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories)
• Inventors: Heller, Adam, Friedman, Keith A., Chen, Ting
• Application Number:
  US12/843,634
• Publication Number:
  US 20100288633A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 204/403.11
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3271 Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood amperometry per se G01N27/49; aspects concerning the enzyme reagent C12Q1/001

Abstract

A sensor including a sensing layer is disposed over an electrode or an optode and a layer-by-layer assembled mass transport limiting membrane disposed over the sensing layer. The membrane includes at least one layer of a polyanionic or polycationic material. The assembled layers of the membrane are typically disposed in an alternating manner. The sensor also optionally includes a biocompatible membrane.

Claims

1-20. -20. (canceled)

21. A membrane structure comprising:

a sensing layer membrane comprising a polymer, an analyte responsive enzyme and a mediator, wherein at least one of the analyte-responsive enzyme and the mediator is chemically bonded to the sensing layer membrane; and

a flux limiting membrane chemically bonded to the sensing layer comprising one or more layers of a polyionic polymer.

22. The membrane structure of claim 21, wherein the flux limiting membrane comprises at least one polymer layer selected from the group consisting of a polycationic polymer layer, a polyanionic polymer layer and a zwitterionic polymer layer.

23. The membrane structure of claim 21, wherein the flux limiting membrane comprises one or more bilayers, wherein a bilayer comprises a polyanionic polymer layer and a polycationic polymer layer.

24. The membrane structure of claim 22, wherein the polycationic polymer comprises one or more nitrogen-containing moieties.

25. The membrane structure of claim 24, wherein the one or more nitrogen-containing moieties is pyridine.

26. The membrane structure of claim 24, wherein the polycationic polymer comprises quaternized nitrogen.

27. The membrane structure of claim 22, wherein the polyanionic polymer comprises one or more acid moieties.

28. The membrane structure of claim 27, wherein the polyanionic polymer comprises carboxylate anions.

29. The membrane structure of claim 27, wherein the polyanionic polymer comprises sulfonate anions.

30. The membrane structure of claim 22, wherein the flux limiting membrane comprises a last layer comprising a polyanionic polymer.

31. The membrane structure of claim 21, wherein at least one of the analyte-responsive enzyme and the mediator is covalently bonded to the polymer of the sensing layer membrane.

32. The membrane structure of claim 31, wherein at least one of the analyte-responsive enzyme and the mediator forms one or more of carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, or metal-carbon covalent bonds with the polymer of the sensing layer membrane.

33. The membrane structure of claim 31, wherein at least one of the analyte-responsive enzyme and the mediator is covalently bonded to the polymer of the sensing layer membrane through a linker moiety.

34. The membrane structure of claim 31, wherein the mediator is covalently bonded to the polymer of the sensing layer membrane through one or more ligands of the mediator.

35. The membrane structure of claim 34, wherein the one or more ligands comprises a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic nitrogen-containing moiety.

36. The membrane structure of claim 34, wherein one or more ligands of the mediator are substituents of the polymer backbone of the sensing layer membrane.

37. The membrane structure of claim 31, wherein the analyte-responsive enzyme is covalently bonded to the polymer of the sensing layer membrane through one or more side chains of the enzyme.

38. The membrane structure of claim 37, wherein the one or more side chains of the analyte-responsive enzyme is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted amines, alcohols, thiols, phenols, imidazoles, indols, and carboxylic acids.

39. The membrane structure of claim 37, wherein one or more side chains of the analyte-responsive enzyme are substituents of the polymer backbone of the sensing layer membrane.

40. The membrane structure of claim 21, wherein the polymer of the sensing layer membrane is crosslinked.

41. The membrane structure of claim 40, wherein at least one of the analyte-responsive enzyme and the mediator is crosslinked with the polymer of the sensing layer membrane.

42. The membrane structure of claim 41, wherein at least one of the analyte-responsive enzyme and the mediator is crosslinked with the polymer of the sensing layer membrane through one or more crosslinking agents.

43. The membrane structure of claim 42, wherein the one or more crosslinking agents is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted epoxides, aldehydes, imidoesters, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, carbodiimides, cyanuric chloride, tetrachlorobenzoquinone, benzoquinone and tetracyanoquinodimethane.

44. The membrane structure of claim 41, wherein one or more ligands of the mediator are crosslinkers of the polymer of the sensing layer membrane.

45. The membrane structure of claim 41, wherein one or more side chains of the analyte-responsive enzyme are crosslinkers of the polymer of the sensing layer membrane.

46. The membrane structure of claim 31, wherein the polymer of the sensing layer membrane forms a coordination complex with the mediator.

47. The membrane structure of claim 46, wherein one or more nitrogen-containing moieties of the polymer of the sensing layer membrane forms a coordination complex with a metal of the mediator.

48. The membrane structure of claim 46, wherein the mediator is ionically bonded to the polymer of the sensing layer membrane.

49. The membrane structure of claim 46, wherein the polymer of the sensing layer membrane comprises at least one positively charged moiety and the mediator comprises at least one negatively charged moiety.

50. The membrane structure of claim 46, wherein the polymer of the sensing layer membrane comprises at least one negatively charged moiety and the mediator comprises at least one positively charged moiety.

51. The membrane structure of claim 21, wherein the analyte-responsive enzyme is a glucose-responsive enzyme.

52. The membrane structure of claim 51, wherein the analyte-responsive enzyme is glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) or glucose oxidase (GOx).

53. The membrane structure of claim 21, wherein the analyte-responsive enzyme further comprises an enzyme cofactor.

54. The membrane structure of claim 53, wherein the enzyme cofactor is flavin adenine dinucleotide.

55. The membrane structure of claim 21, wherein the mediator comprises ruthenium or osmium.