Multi-phased, biodegradable and osteointegrative composite scaffold for biological fixation of musculoskeletal soft tissue of bone
First Claim
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1. A scaffold apparatus for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, said apparatus comprising microspheres of selected sizes and/or composition, wherein the microspheres are layered to have a gradient of microsphere sizes and/or compositions, and the scaffold provides a functional interface between multiple tissue types.
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Abstract
Methods and apparatuses are provided for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. For example, a scaffold apparatus is provided which comprises microspheres of selected sizes and/or composition. The microspheres are layered to have a gradient of microsphere sizes and/or compositions. The scaffold provides a functional interface between multiple tissue types.
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Citations
89 Claims
- 1. A scaffold apparatus for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, said apparatus comprising microspheres of selected sizes and/or composition, wherein the microspheres are layered to have a gradient of microsphere sizes and/or compositions, and the scaffold provides a functional interface between multiple tissue types.
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3-56. -56. (canceled)
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57. A scaffold apparatus for soft tissue-to-bone interface tissue engineering comprising:
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a first region comprising composite microspheres of a first size and composition optimized to promote growth, proliferation, and differentiation of a first cell type for integration and growth of a first tissue type; a second region joined to the first region, said second region comprising microspheres and/or a fibrous mesh, said microspheres and/or fibrous mesh having a second size and a second composition; a third region joined to the second region, said third region comprising microspheres and/or a fibrous mesh, said microspheres and/or fibrous mesh having a third size and a third composition, and said second and third regions being optimized to promote growth, proliferation and differentiation of a second cell type for integration and formation of a second tissue type; and a fourth region joined to the third region, said fourth region comprising at least one of a microsphere and a fibrous mesh, said one of a microsphere and a fibrous mesh having a composition adapted to promote growth, proliferation, and differentiation of a third cell type for integration and growth of a third tissue type. - View Dependent Claims (58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67)
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68-70. -70. (canceled)
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71. A method for preparing a scaffold for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) processing a plurality of microspheres, including incorporating calcium phosphate into the microspheres; (b) laying the microspheres processed in step (a) in a mold, the microspheres in the mold presenting a gradient of microsphere sizes and/or compositions; and (c) sintering together the microspheres in the mold above a glass transition temperature. - View Dependent Claims (72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80)
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81. A method for preparing a multi-phase scaffold for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) processing a plurality of microspheres, including incorporating at least one of calcium phosphate and bioactive glass into the microspheres; (b) laying the microspheres processed in step (a) in a mold, wherein the microspheres in the mold presenting a gradient of microsphere sizes for a first phase and a second phase of the multi-phase scaffold, with microspheres of the first phase being in a first range of sizes, and with microspheres of the second phase being in a second range of sizes larger than the first range of sizes; (c) sintering together the microspheres in the mold above a glass transition temperature; and (d) attaching a fiber mesh, as a third phase of the multi-phase scaffold, onto the microsphere construct prepared in step (c). - View Dependent Claims (82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88)
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89. A method for preparing a multi-phase scaffold for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, said method comprising the steps of:
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(a) forming a mesh scaffold by sintering together a plurality of mesh segments as a first phase of the multi-phase scaffold; (b) forming a second scaffold by sintering together a plurality of poly-lactide-co-glycolide microspheres as a second phase of the multi-phase scaffold; and (c) forming a third scaffold by sintering together a plurality of microspheres formed of a composite of poly-lactide-co-glycolide and bioactive glass as a third phase of the multi-phase scaffold; and (d) sintering together said mesh scaffold, said second scaffold and said third scaffold.
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Specification