APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING INSULIN INFUSION WITH STATE VARIABLE FEEDBACK

• US 20100305545A1
• Filed: 08/12/2010
• Published: 12/02/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 06/03/1999
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Minimed Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Minimed Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: KANDERIAN, SAMI S. JR., STEIL, GARRY M.
• Granted Patent: US 8,348,923 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 604/504
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14539 for measuring pH
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14865 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6849 in combination with a needle set
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/14296 Pharmacokinetic models
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/1581 Right-angle needle-type devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/1726 the body parameters being measured at, or proximate to, the infusion site
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/201 Glucose concentration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14244 adapted to be carried by the patient, e.g. portable on the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/158 Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1582 Double lumen needles
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1723 using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure measurement of body parameters A61B5/00

Abstract

An infusion system, which may be a closed loop, or “semi-closed-loop”, infusion system, uses state variable feedback to control the rate at which fluid is infused into a user'"'"'s body. The closed loop system includes a sensor system, a controller, and a delivery system. The “semi-closed-loop” system further includes prompts that provide indications to the user prior to fluid delivery. The sensor system includes a sensor for monitoring a condition of the user and produces a sensor signal which is representative of the user'"'"'s condition. The delivery system infuses a fluid into the user at a rate dictated by the commands from the controller. The system may use three state variables, e.g., subcutaneous insulin concentration, plasma insulin concentration, and insulin effect, and corresponding gains, to calculate an additional amount of fluid to be infused with a bolus and to be removed from the basal delivery of the fluid.

Claims

1. A method of infusing insulin into a body of a user, the method comprising:

delivering a basal amount of insulin to the body of the user at a predetermined basal rate;

determining at least one state variable;

determining, based on the at least one state variable, an additional amount of insulin to be delivered to the body of the user;

infusing the determined additional amount of insulin to the body of the user; and

reducing the basal rate by said additional amount of insulin.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one state variable is selected from the group consisting of subcutaneous insulin concentration, plasma insulin concentration, and insulin effect.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining at least one state variable includes determining subcutaneous insulin concentration, plasma insulin concentration, and insulin effect.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the additional amount of insulin is further based on at least one gain corresponding to one of the at least one state variables.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising repeating, after a predetermined period of time, the determining at least one state variable, determining an additional amount of insulin to be delivered to the body of the user, infusing the determined additional amount of insulin to the body of the user, and reducing the basal rate by said additional amount of insulin.

6. The method of claim 1, further including:

obtaining a blood glucose concentration of the user;

determining a bolus amount of insulin based on the obtained blood glucose concentration; and

infusing the determined bolus amount to the body of the user along with said additional amount of insulin.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the determining the bolus amount of insulin includes:

generating a controller input based on the blood glucose concentration;

generating commands by a proportional plus, integral plus, derivative (PID) controller from the controller input; and

determining, based on the commands from the PID controller, the bolus amount of insulin to be delivered to the body of the user.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining a bolus amount of insulin to be delivered to the body of the user is further based on at least one preset PID controller gain selected such that the commands generated by the PID controller cause insulin to be infused into the body of the user in response to a glucose concentration at a rate substantially equal to the rate that beta cells would release insulin in an individual with a healthy normally functioning pancreas.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one preset controller gain is selected by a method that includes measuring an insulin response of at least one individual with a healthy normally functioning pancreas and calculating the at least one controller gain that causes the commands to substantially match the insulin response of the at least one individual.

10. The method of claim 6, further including providing a prompt to indicate that the bolus amount of insulin has been determined and receiving an input to indicate that the bolus amount of insulin should be infused to the user.

11. The method of claim 6, further comprising repeating, after a predetermined period of time, the determining at least one state variable, determining the additional amount of insulin to be delivered to the body of the user, infusing the determined bolus amount of insulin and the determined additional amount of insulin to the body of the user, and reducing the basal rate by said additional amount of insulin.

12. The method of claim 6, wherein:

(a) the determining the bolus amount of insulin includes;

generating a controller input based on the blood glucose concentration;

generating commands by a proportional plus, integral plus, derivative (PID) controller from the controller input; and

determining, based on the commands from the PID controller, the bolus amount of insulin to be delivered to the body of the user;

(b) the at least one state variable is selected from the group consisting of subcutaneous insulin concentration, plasma insulin concentration, and insulin effect; and

(c) the determining the additional amount of insulin is further based on at least one gain corresponding to one of the at least one state variables.