Negative electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery and nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery having the same

• US 20100316907A1
• Filed: 04/27/2010
• Published: 12/16/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: SK On Company Limited (SK Innovation Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: DENSO Corporation, Inter-University Research Institute Corporation National Institutes of Natural Sciences
• Inventors: Yamada, Manabu, Numao, Shigenori, Nishi, Nobuyuki, Ooba, Yasuyuki, Adachi, Norikazu, Umemoto, Hisashi, Yamamoto, Kouhei
• Granted Patent: US 8,778,541 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/188
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/021 Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/134 Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1395 of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/38 of elements or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/386 Silicon or alloys based on silicon
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/387 Tin or alloys based on tin
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/625 Carbon or graphite
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A negative electrode used for a nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery having nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing lithium ion includes a metal carbon composite material. The metal carbon composite material has a porous carbon material having cavities, and a metal material made of metal to reversibly store or emit lithium ion. The metal material is arranged on a surface of the porous carbon material including inner surfaces of the cavities. The porous carbon material has a mass of 1-65 mass % when the metal carbon composite material is defined to have a mass of 100 mass %.

Claims

1. A negative electrode used for a nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery having nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing lithium ion, the negative electrode comprising:

a metal carbon composite material including a porous carbon material and a metal material, the porous carbon material being made of carbon material having cavities, the metal material being made of metal to reversibly store or emit lithium ion, the metal material being arranged on a surface of the porous carbon material including inner surfaces of the cavities, wherein

the porous carbon material has a concentration of 1-65 mass % when the metal carbon composite material is defined to have a mass of 100 mass %.

2. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the metal material is made of at least a kind of metal selected from elements of Si, Ge, Sn, In, Sb, and Zn, an alloy containing at least a kind of metal selected from the elements, a metal oxide containing at least a kind of metal selected from the elements, or a compound containing at least one of the metal, the alloy and the metal oxide.

3. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the porous carbon material is made of at least one selected from a dendritic object, activated carbon, and foamed carbon.

4. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the porous carbon material has a first pore having a first diameter, and a second pore having a second diameter larger than the first diameter of the first pore.

5. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the metal carbon composite material is defined by immersing the porous carbon in a solution of the metal material, and by drying the immersed porous carbon.

6. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the metal carbon composite material is defined by immersing the porous carbon in a solution of the metal material, and by performing a reduction in the solution.

7. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the metal carbon composite material is defined by immersing the porous carbon in a solution of the metal material, and by performing a reduction in a gas phase.

8. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the metal carbon composite material is defined by applying pressure to the porous carbon material and the metal material so as to be bonded with each other, and by performing a heat treatment.

9. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the metal carbon composite material is defined by metal or metal compound having a reduction treatment supported by the porous carbon material.

10. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the metal material supported in the metal carbon composite material is made of at least a kind of metal selected from metal elements having melting point equal to or lower than 3500°

C., an alloy containing at least a kind of metal selected from the metal elements, or a compound containing at least one of the metal and the alloy, and

the metal or the alloy forms an alloy phase with lithium at a temperature equal to or lower than 1500°

C. in a phase diagram.

11. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

metal or metal oxide supported in the metal carbon composite material is selected from Sn, Si, Ag—

Sn alloy, Sn—

Ag—

Sb alloy, Cu—

Sn alloy, Ag—

Ge alloy, Cu—

Ge alloy, Sn oxide and Si oxide.

12. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the porous carbon material has a tap density equal to or lower than 0.2 g/cm³.

13. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the porous carbon material has a pore volume equal to or larger than 1.5 cm³/g when the pore volume is measured by using a BJH method.

14. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the porous carbon material has an average pore diameter equal to or smaller than 7 nm when the average pore diameter is measured by using a BJH method.

15. The negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein

the nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery is a lithium ion battery.

16. A nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery comprising the negative electrode according to claim 1, a positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing lithium ion.