SECONDARY BATTERY SYSTEM

• US 20110012604A1
• Filed: 03/26/2009
• Published: 01/20/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Tsujiko, Akira, Hara, Tomitaro, Yuasa, Sachie, Teramoto, Daisuke, Arai, Takuichi, Wasada, Keiko, Yano, Tsuyoshi
• Granted Patent: US 8,742,725 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 324/427
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3648 comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3835 involving only voltage measurements
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

Provided is a secondary battery system which can accurately detect a state of a secondary battery system (such as a secondary battery state and a secondary battery system failure). The secondary battery system (6) includes dV/dQ calculation means which calculates a dV/dQ value as a ratio of a change amount dV of a battery voltage V of a secondary battery (100) against a change amount dQ of an accumulation amount Q when the accumulation amount Q of the secondary battery (100) is changed. The secondary battery system (6) detects the state of the secondary battery system (6) by using the dV/dQ value.

Claims

1. A secondary battery system including a secondary battery,

wherein the secondary battery includes an electrode body having a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a separator,

the first electrode plate including a first active material that makes a phase change by charge and discharge, and

the second electrode plate including a second active material that performs two-phase coexistence type charge and discharge,

the secondary battery system comprising:

dV/dQ calculation means for calculating a dV/dQ value that is a ratio of a change amount dV of a battery voltage V of the secondary battery with respect to a change amount dQ of a storage amount Q of the secondary battery when the storage amount Q is changed during charge and discharge of the secondary battery,

wherein a state of the secondary battery system is detected by use of a characteristic point appearing in a Q-dV/dQ curve representing a relationship between the storage amount value Q and the dV/dQ value or a characteristic point appearing in a V-dV/dQ curve representing a relationship between the battery image voltage value V and the dV/dQ value.

2. The secondary battery system according to claim 1, wherein

the secondary battery system determines, based on the dV/dQ value, at least one of whether or not the secondary battery has reached a state corresponding to the characteristic point in the Q-dV/dQ curve and whether or not the secondary battery has reached a state corresponding to the characteristic point in the V-dV/dQ curve, and

the secondary battery system detects the state of the secondary battery system based on the storage amount value Q at the characteristic point in the Q-dV/dQ curve, a difference value of the storage amount Q between two specific characteristic points selected from a plurality of characteristic points appearing in the Q-dV/dQ curve, or a difference value of the battery voltage V between two specific characteristic points selected from a plurality of characteristic points appearing in the V-dV/dQ curve.

4. The secondary battery system according to claim 1, wherein

the second active material is LiFe_(1-X)M_XPO₄ (M is at least one of Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, V, Mo, Ti, Zn, Al, Ga, Mg, B, Nb, and 0≦

X≦

0.5), and

the first active material is a carbon material.

5. The secondary battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:

storage amount estimating means for estimating a storage amount Q of the secondary battery;

determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, whether or not the secondary battery has reached the state corresponding to the characteristic point appearing in the Q-dV/dQ curve; and

storage amount correcting means for correcting the estimated storage amount Q,

the storage amount correcting means corrects the estimated storage amount Q by a difference value obtained by subtracting an estimated characteristic value that is a storage amount value Q of the secondary battery estimated by the storage amount estimating means when the determining means determines that the secondary battery has reached the state corresponding to the characteristic point from a reference characteristic value that is a storage amount value Q at the characteristic point stored in advance in the secondary battery system.

6. The secondary battery system according to claim 1 further comprising:

deterioration detecting means for detecting deterioration of the secondary battery; and

,

determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, at least one of whether or not the secondary battery has reached a state corresponding to the characteristic point in the Q-dV/dQ curve and whether or not the secondary battery has reached a state corresponding to the characteristic point in the V-dV/dQ curve, and

the deterioration detecting means determines that the secondary battery has been deteriorated when the difference value of the storage amount Q between the two specific characteristic points selected from a plurality of characteristic points appearing in the Q-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means is smaller than a previously set reference difference value or when the difference value of the battery voltage V between the two specific characteristic points selected from a plurality of characteristic points appearing in the V-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means is larger than a previously set reference difference value.

7. The secondary battery system according to claim 6, wherein

the secondary battery system comprises the determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, whether or not the secondary battery reached the state corresponding to the characteristic point appearing in the Q-dV/dQ curve,

the deterioration detecting means includes capacity decrease detecting means for detecting a decrease in battery capacity of the secondary battery,

the capacity decrease detecting means compares the reference difference value

of the secondary battery in an initial state, the reference difference value being a difference value of the storage amount Q between the two characteristic points in the Q-dV/dQ curve and being stored in advance in the secondary battery system with an actual difference value that is a difference value of the storage amount Q between the two characteristic points in the Q-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means, and determines that the battery capacity of the secondary battery has been decreased when the actual difference value is smaller than the reference difference value.

8. The secondary battery system according to claim 6, wherein

the secondary battery system comprises the determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, whether or not the secondary battery has reached the state corresponding to the characteristic point appearing in the V-dV/dQ curve,

the deterioration detecting means includes resistance increase detecting means for detecting an increase in internal resistance of the secondary battery,

the resistance increase detecting means compares a reference difference value of the secondary battery in an initial state, the reference difference value being a difference value of the battery voltage V between the two characteristic points in the V-dV/dQ curve and being stored in advance in the secondary battery system with an actual difference value that is a difference value of the battery voltage V between the two characteristic points in the V-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means, and determines that the internal resistance of the secondary battery has been increased when the actual difference value is larger than the reference difference value.

9. The secondary battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:

abnormality detecting means for detecting abnormality of the secondary battery system; and

determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, at least one of whether or not the secondary battery has reached a state corresponding to the characteristic point in the Q-dV/dQ curve and whether or not the secondary battery has reached a state corresponding to the characteristic point in the V-dV/dQ curve,

the abnormality detecting means determines that the secondary battery system is abnormal when the difference value of the storage amount Q between two specific characteristic points selected from a plurality of characteristic points appearing in the Q-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means is smaller than a previously set reference difference value and smaller than a predetermined threshold, or when the difference value of the battery voltage V between two specific characteristic points selected from a plurality of characteristic points appearing in the V-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means is larger than a previously set reference difference value and larger than a predetermined threshold.

10. The secondary battery system according to claim 9, wherein

the secondary battery system comprises the determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, whether or not the secondary battery has reached the state corresponding to the characteristic point appearing in the Q-dV/dQ curve, the abnormality detecting means includes micro-short circuit detecting means for detecting a micro-short circuit of the secondary battery,

the micro-short circuit detecting means compares the reference difference value of the secondary battery in an initial state, the reference difference value being a difference value of the storage amount Q between the two characteristic points in the Q-dV/dQ curve and being stored in advance in the secondary battery system with an actual difference value that is a difference value of the storage amount Q between the two characteristic points in the Q-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means, and determines that a micro-short circuit has occurred in the secondary battery when the actual difference value is smaller than the reference difference value and smaller than the predetermined threshold.

11. The secondary battery system according to claim 9, wherein

the secondary battery system comprises the determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, whether or not the secondary battery has reached the state corresponding to the characteristic point appearing in the V-dV/dQ curve,

the abnormality detecting means includes connection failure detecting means for detecting connection failure of the secondary battery,

the connection failure detecting means compares a reference difference value of the secondary battery in an initial state, the reference difference value being a difference value of the battery voltage V between the two characteristic points in the V-dV/dQ curve and being stored in advance in the secondary battery system with an actual difference value that is a difference value of the battery voltage V between the two characteristic points in the V-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means, and determines that a connection failure of the secondary battery has occurred when the actual difference value is larger than the reference difference value and larger than the predetermined threshold.

12. The secondary battery system according to claim 7, wherein

the secondary battery system comprises the determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, whether or not the secondary battery has reached the state corresponding to the characteristic point appearing in the V-dV/dQ curve,

the deterioration detecting means includes resistance increase detecting means for detecting an increase in internal resistance of the secondary battery,

the resistance increase detecting means compares a reference difference value of the secondary battery in an initial state, the reference difference value being a difference value of the battery voltage V between the two characteristic points in the V-dV/dQ curve and being stored in advance in the secondary battery system with an actual difference value that is a difference value of the battery voltage V between the two characteristic points in the V-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means, and determines that the internal resistance of the secondary battery has been increased when the actual difference value is larger than the reference difference value.

13. The secondary battery system according to claim 10, wherein

the secondary battery system comprises the determining means for determining, based on the dV/dQ value, whether or not the secondary battery has reached the state corresponding to the characteristic point appearing in the V-dV/dQ curve,

the abnormality detecting means includes connection failure detecting means for detecting connection failure of the secondary battery,

the connection failure detecting means compares a reference difference value of the secondary battery in an initial state, the reference difference value being a difference value of the battery voltage V between the two characteristic points in the V-dV/dQ curve and being stored in advance in the secondary battery system with an actual difference value that is a difference value of the battery voltage V between the two characteristic points in the V-dV/dQ curve determined by the determining means, and determines that a connection failure of the secondary battery has occurred when the actual difference value is larger than the reference difference value and larger than the predetermined threshold.

3. (canceled)