Carbon Sequestration Using Ionic Liquids

• US 20110014100A1
• Filed: 11/24/2009
• Published: 01/20/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 05/21/2008
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: The Board of Regents of the University of Colorado (University of Colorado System)
• Original Assignee: The Board of Regents of the University of Colorado (University of Colorado System)
• Inventors: GABRIEL, Christopher J., Bara, Jason E., Camper, Dean E.
• Application Number:
  US12/624,726
• Publication Number:
  US 20110014100A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 423/229
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2252/20484 with one hydroxyl group
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2252/20489 with two or more hydroxyl groups
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2252/20494 Amino acids, their salts or derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2252/30 Ionic liquids and zwitter-ions
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2252/504 Mixtures of two or more absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/102 Nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/104 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/108 Hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/302 Sulfur oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/304 Hydrogen sulfide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/306 Organic sulfur compounds, e.g. mercaptans
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/308 Carbonoxysulfide COS
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/402 Dinitrogen oxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/404 Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/502 Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/702 Hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/708 Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2258/06 Polluted air
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1475 Removing carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1493 : Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/62 : Carbon oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 21/20 : Nitrogen-containing compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 21/28 : Recovery of used solvent
• CPC Class Codes: C11D 2111/22 : Electronic devices, e.g. PCBs or semiconductors
• CPC Class Codes: C11D 7/3209 : Amines or imines with one to four nitrogen atoms; Quaternized amines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/10 : of nitrous oxide (N2O)
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 : of CO2

Abstract

A process to capture and sequester an impurity gas from a fluid stream. The impurity gas capture is accomplished by contacting the fluid stream with an impurity removing mixture, the mixture comprising an ionic liquid and an amine compound under conditions sufficient to reduce the amount of impurity gas from said fluid stream. The captured impurity gas is sequestered by reacting the impurity gas with a sequestration material.

Claims

1. A method of capturing and sequestering an impurity gas from a fluid stream comprising:

contacting the fluid stream with an impurity removing mixture, the mixture comprising an ionic liquid and an amine compound under conditions sufficient to reduce the amount of impurity gas from said fluid stream; and

reacting the impurity gas with a sequestration material, wherein the sequestration material comprises a metal oxide or a metal hydroxide.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a non-carboxylate anion.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the amine compound comprises a monoamine, a diamine, a polyamine, a polyethylene amine, an amino acid, a neutral N-heterocycle or a neutral N-heterocyclic-alkyl-amine.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide comprises an alkaline earth metal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Na₂O, FeO, K₂O, Fe₂O, or a combination thereof.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequestration material includes material selected from the group consisting of wollastonite, yroxene minerals, hedenbergite, augite, pigeonite, clinoenstatite, clinoferrosilite, serpentine minerals, epidote, or a combination thereof.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)₂, Ca(OH)₂, or a combination thereof.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the impurity gas comprises CO₂, CO, COS, H₂S, SO₂, NO, N₂O, an alkyl mercaptan, H₂O, O₂, H₂, N₂, a C₁-C₈ chain hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the impurity gas comprises CO₂, H₂S, SO₂, or a combination thereof.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the impurity gas comprises CO₂.

11. The method of claim 3, wherein the monoamine compound is selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diglycolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropylamine, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, or a combination thereof.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the amine compound is a heteroalkylamine compound.

13. The method of claim 2, wherein the ionic liquid is a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL).

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said step of contacting the fluid medium with the impurity removing mixture is conducted under pressure.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the fluid medium comprises natural gas, oil, or a combination thereof.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein said step of contacting the fluid medium with the impurity removing mixture produces a complex between the impurity and the amine compound.

17. The method of claim 1, further comprising regenerating the impurity removing mixture.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of regenerating off the impurity from the mixture comprises heating the mixture in one or more reboilers.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of regenerating off the impurity from the mixture comprises reducing the pressure on the mixture in one or more reboilers.

18. A method of capturing and sequestering an impurity gas from a fluid stream comprising:

contacting the fluid stream with an impurity removing mixture, the mixture comprising an ionic liquid and an amine compound under conditions sufficient to reduce the amount of impurity gas from said fluid stream; and

regenerating off the impurity from the mixture,

wherein the ionic liquid comprises a non-carboxylate anion; and

wherein the amine compound comprises a monoamine, a diamine, a polyamine, a polyethylene amine, an amino acid, a neutral N-heterocycle or a neutral N-heterocyclic-alkyl-amine.

21. A method of capturing and sequestering an impurity gas from a fluid stream comprising:

contacting the fluid stream with an impurity removing mixture, the mixture comprising an ionic liquid and an amine compound under conditions sufficient to reduce the amount of impurity gas from said fluid stream;

releasing the impurity gas from the impurity removing mixture; and

delivering the impurity gas to a bioreactor.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the impurity gas comprises CO₂, CO, COS, H₂S, SO₂, NO, N₂O, an alkyl mercaptan, H₂O, O₂, H₂, N₂, a C₁-C₈ chain hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the impurity gas comprises CO₂.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the bioreactor includes microorganisms selected to convert CO₂ to BioDiesel, ethanol, or a combination thereof.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the microorganism includes algae.