CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL FROM WHOLE BLOOD BY PHOTOLYTIC ACTIVATION

• US 20110027380A9
• Filed: 07/15/2008
• Published: 02/03/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 08/01/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Monzyk, Bruce F., Burckle, Eric C.
• Granted Patent: US 7,909,788 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 424/529
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/32 Oxygenators without membranes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/327 using catalytic production of oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3681 by irradiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3683 using photoactive agents

Abstract

Apparatus and methods for removing carbon dioxide from whole blood. Hydrogen ions are generated from water in the blood, resulting in the formation and release of carbon dioxide from the blood.

Claims

1. A process for removing carbon dioxide from the whole blood of a patient, comprising:

a) providing blood containing a base amount of carbon dioxide from a patient to a photolytic device wherein the photolytic device comprises;

an inlet for receiving blood from a patient and transporting the blood to a photolytic cell;

a photolytic cell having a light transparent substrate and a photo-reactive surface, said photo-reactive surface comprising (i) a layer of a light activated photolytic catalyst and (ii) an electrically conductive layer, wherein said photo-reactive surface has the ability to release hydrogen ions from water in the blood upon light activation;

a light source for providing light photons to said light transparent substrate of the photolytic cell and activating said photolytic catalyst to initiate a series of chemical reactions that result in hydrogen ion generation by the photo-reactive surface of the photolytic cell;

a gas sorption device for capturing carbon dioxide released from the blood; and

an outlet for transporting the blood out of said photolytic cell;

b) activating the light source to release carbon dioxide from the blood to form blood containing a lower amount of carbon dioxide; and

c) returning the carbon dioxide poor blood to the patient.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the light activated photolytic catalyst is a metal oxide.

3. The process of claim 2, wherein the metal oxide substantially comprises TiO₂ (anatase), WO₃, ZnO, and combinations thereof.

4. The process of claim 1, wherein the light source is an ultraviolet laser light that emits light at 350-390 nm.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein the photo-reactive surface further comprises a layer of a disproportionation catalyst disposed on the photolytic catalyst layer.

6. The process of claim 5, wherein said disproportionation catalyst comprises MnO₂.

7. The process of claim 1, wherein the photo-reactive surface is disposed upon the light transparent substrate, the photolytic catalyst layer is a layer of TiO₂, and the photo-reactive surface further comprises a layer of MnO₂ disposed upon the layer of TiO₂.

8. The process of claim 1, wherein the photolytic cell further converts water into dissolved oxygen.

9. Oxygenated whole blood produced by the process of claim 1.

10. The process of claim 1, wherein the whole blood is mammalian whole blood.

11. The process of claim 1, wherein there is also an increase in oxyhemoglobin in the blood containing a lower amount of carbon dioxide.

12. A process for enhancing the viability of an organ to be transplanted comprising:

a) providing to an organ to be transplanted whole blood and a photolytic device, wherein the photolytic device comprises;

i. an inlet for receiving blood from the organ and transplanting the blood to a photolytic cell;

ii. a photolytic cell having a light transparent substrate and a photo-reactive surface, said photo-reactive surface comprising (A) a layer of a light activated photolytic catalyst and (B) a layer of a disproportionation catalyst disposed on the photolytic catalyst, wherein said photo-reactive surface has the ability to release hydrogen ions from water in the blood upon light activation;

iii. a light source for providing light photons to the light transparent substrate of the photolytic cell and activating said photolytic catalyst to initiate a series of chemical reactions that result in hydrogen ion generation by the photo-reactive surface of the photolytic cell;

iv. a gas sorption device for capturing carbon dioxide released from the blood; and

v. an outlet for transporting the blood out of said photolytic cell;

b) providing blood containing a base amount of carbon dioxide from the organ to the photolytic device to lower the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood; and

c) returning the blood containing a lower amount of carbon dioxide to the organ.

13. The process of claim 12, wherein the light activated photolytic catalyst is a metal oxide.

14. The process of claim 13, wherein the metal oxide substantially comprises TiO₂ (anatase), WO₃, ZnO, and combinations thereof.

15. The process of claim 12, wherein the light source is an ultraviolet laser that emits light at 350-390 nm.

16. The process of claim 12, wherein the disproportionation catalyst comprises MnO₂.

17. The process of claim 12, wherein the photolytic cell also converts water in the whole blood into dissolved oxygen.

18. The process of claim 12, wherein there is also an increase in oxyhemoglobin in the blood containing a lower amount of carbon dioxide.