Fluid-surfaced electrode
First Claim
Patent Images
1. An electrochemical device, comprising:
- two electrodes including a cathode and an anode; and
an electrolyte arranged to conduct an ionic current from a first electrolyte surface in contact with one of the electrodes to a second electrolyte surface in contact with another of the electrodes,wherein at least one of the electrodes includes an electrochemically active fluid layer having fluid properties that permit at least a portion of it to cling to a substantially smooth solid support by a surface energy effect, a surface of the electrochemically active fluid layer being in contact with the electrolyte.
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Abstract
An electrochemical device (such as a battery) includes at least one electrode having a fluid surface, which may employ a surface energy effect to maintain a position of the fluid surface and/or to modulate flow within the fluid. Fluid-directing structures may also modulate flow or retain fluid in a predetermined pattern. An electrolyte within the device may also include an ion-transport fluid, for example infiltrated into a porous solid support.
118 Citations
98 Claims
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1. An electrochemical device, comprising:
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two electrodes including a cathode and an anode; and an electrolyte arranged to conduct an ionic current from a first electrolyte surface in contact with one of the electrodes to a second electrolyte surface in contact with another of the electrodes, wherein at least one of the electrodes includes an electrochemically active fluid layer having fluid properties that permit at least a portion of it to cling to a substantially smooth solid support by a surface energy effect, a surface of the electrochemically active fluid layer being in contact with the electrolyte. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 12, 16, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 38, 40, 43, 45, 53, 61, 62, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 81, 85)
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88. A method of supplying electrochemical energy, comprising:
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connecting an electrical load to a first and a second electrode separated by an electrolyte arranged to conduct an ionic current from a first electrolyte surface in contact with the first electrode to a second electrolyte surface in contact with the second electrode, wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes includes an electrochemically active fluid sheet that clings to a solid support by a surface energy effect in opposition to an acceleration field, a surface of the electrochemically active fluid sheet being in contact with the electrolyte.
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89-91. -91. (canceled)
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92. A method of charging a battery having an electrode including an electrochemically active fluid layer that clings to a substantially smooth solid support by a surface energy effect, the method comprising:
refreshing the electrochemically active fluid layer by flowing the electrochemically active fluid along the substantially smooth solid support. - View Dependent Claims (93, 94)
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95. A method of refreshing a battery having an electrolyte layer including an ion transport fluid, the method comprising:
refreshing the ion transport fluid by flowing the ion transport fluid through the electrolyte layer. - View Dependent Claims (96)
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97. A method of refreshing a battery that produces a fluid reaction product of an electrochemical reaction, the method comprising:
refreshing the battery by flowing the fluid reaction product.
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98-194. -194. (canceled)
Specification