OPTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF CHEST COMPRESSION DEPTH AND OTHER PARAMETERS DURING CPR

• US 20110040217A1
• Filed: 07/22/2010
• Published: 02/17/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Stryker Canada, ULC (Stryker Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Atreo Medical Inc. (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Centen, Corey James
• Granted Patent: US 10,335,346 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 601/41
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0064 Body surface scanning
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/113 occurring during breathing
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5058 Sensors or detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2201/5092 Optical sensor
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 31/005 with feedback for the user
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/046 Specially adapted for shock therapy, e.g. defibrillation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0472 Structure-related aspects
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3925 Monitoring; Protecting
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3968 Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings A61N1/375 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3993 User interfaces for automatic external defibrillators
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10016 Video; Image sequence
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10028 Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30004 Biomedical image processing
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/0012 Biomedical image inspection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/20 Analysis of motion motion estimation for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals H04N19/43, H04N19/51
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/269 using gradient-based methods
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/60 Analysis of geometric attributes
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 23/288 for artificial respiration or heart massage

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention are related to a method and device for the determination and calculation of the depth of chest compressions during the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Embodiments use an optical sensor to monitor the distance that a victim'"'"'s chest is displaced during each compression throughout the administration of CPR. The optical sensor is most commonly an image sensor such as a CMOS or CCD sensor, and more specifically a CMOS image sensor capable of three-dimensional imaging based on the time-of-flight principle. An infrared emitter may illuminate the victim'"'"'s body and any visible piece of ground beside the victim. As the infrared light interacts with any surfaces it encounters, it is reflected and returns to the image sensor where the time of flight of the infrared light is calculated for every pixel in the image sensor. The distance data is used to gauge the effective displacement of the victim'"'"'s chest. The optical sensors can be used to visualize the size of a patient and immediately gauge the body type and instruct the user accordingly. Furthermore, optical measurement techniques can be used to accurately measure chest rise during artificial respiration and ensure that proper ventilation is being administered in between compressions. In addition, optical measurements of the chest of the victim and the hands of the rescuer can be used to help ensure that the rescuer has positioned his or her hands in the anatomically correct location for effective CPR.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring compressions during the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation comprising an optical sensor.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is used to determine the depth of chest compressions during the administration of said cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

3. The device of claim 2 wherein said optical sensor is an image sensor.

4. The device of claim 3 wherein said image sensor is structured to process three dimensional images of the rescue environment.

5. The device of claim 4 wherein said image sensor uses time-of-flight measurement to generate said three dimensional images.

6. The device of claim 3 wherein said image sensor is used to perform optical flow calculations.

7. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is used for the determination of compression rate during the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein said optical sensor is capable of processing three dimensional images.

9. The device of claim 8 wherein said image sensor uses time-of-flight measurement to generate said three dimensional images.

10. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is used for the determination of victim body type and victim body size.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein said optical sensor is capable of processing three dimensional images.

12. The device of claim 11 wherein said image sensor uses time-of-flight measurements to generate said three dimensional images.

13. The device of claim 12 wherein said body type and body size is any of adult, child or infant.

14. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is used for the determination of proper hand placement of the rescuer during the administration of said cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

15. The device of claim 14 wherein said optical sensor is capable of processing three dimensional images.

16. The device of claim 15 wherein said image sensor uses time-of-flight measurements to generate said three dimensional images.

17. The device of claim 16 wherein the determination of proper hand placement of the rescuer comprises determining whether the position of the hand of the rescuer is slightly above the xyphoid process of said victim.

18. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is used to determine the adequate chest recoil of the victim during the administration of said cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

19. The device of claim 18 wherein said optical sensor is capable of processing three dimensional images.

20. The device of claim 19 wherein said image sensor uses time-of-flight measurement to generate said three dimensional images.

21. The device of claim 20 wherein said adequate chest recoil constitutes allowing the rescuer fully releasing the chest of the victim following each chest compression.

22. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is used to determine the delivery of adequate rescue breathing to the victim.

23. The device of claim 22 wherein said optical sensor is capable of processing three dimensional images.

24. The device of claim 23 wherein said image sensor uses time-of-flight measurement to generate said three dimensional images.

25. The device of claim 24 wherein said adequate rescue breathing is determined by sensing the movement of the chest of said victim during the delivery of said rescue breathing.

26. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is configured to be wearable by the rescuer.

27. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is external to the rescuer.

28. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is in a block or pad to be placed on the chest of the victim and under or around the hands of the rescuer.

29. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is used to measure the optical flow of the environment.

30. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is any of CMOS, CCD or other image sensor type.

31. The device of claim 1 wherein said optical sensor is a three dimensional time-of flight image sensor.

32. The device of claim 1 wherein an illumination source is positioned adjacent to said optical sensor.

33. The device of claim 32 wherein said illumination source consists of infrared light emitting diodes.

34. The device of claim 33 wherein said illumination source consists of an infrared laser source.

35. The device of claim 34 wherein said illumination source is incident on the victim and reflected back to said optical sensor for the generation of a depth map of said victim.

36. The device of claim 1 further comprising a feedback mechanism to deliver information to the user.

37. The device of claim 36 wherein the feedback information is audible.

38. The device of claim 36 wherein the feedback information is visual.

39. The device of claim 37 wherein the feedback is via a computer.

40. The device of claim 37 wherein said monitoring of chest compressions is for the purpose of training an individual in proper CPR technique.

41. A method for the determination of the depth of chest compressions during the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation comprising generating an input from an optical sensor.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein said optical sensor is an image sensor.

43. The method of claim 42 further comprising generating distance values for each pixel of said image sensor using time-of-flight principles.

44. The method of claim 43 further comprising using the generated distance values to determine said depth of chest compressions.

45. The method of claim 41 wherein said image sensor is used to follow the movement of objects in its environment and relate their movement to said depth of compressions.