NANOSTRUCTURED SUBSTRATES FOR SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (SERS) AND DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYTES BY ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER (EDL) CAPACITANCE
First Claim
1. A nanostructured surface comprising:
- a substrate; and
an array of metallic nanopillar islands on the substrate, wherein each metallic nanopillar island comprises a metal base layer on the substrate and a plurality of metallic nanopillars on the metal base layer, and wherein portions of the substrate between adjacent metallic nanopillar islands are free of the metal base layer.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Provided according to embodiments of the invention are nanostructured surfaces that include a substrate; and an array of metallic nanopillar islands on the substrate, wherein each metallic nanopillar island includes a metal base layer on the substrate and a plurality of metallic nanopillars on the metal base layer, and wherein portions of the substrate between adjacent metallic nanopillar islands are free of the metal base layer. Also provided according to some embodiments of the invention are nanostructured surfaces that include a non-conductive substrate; and at least one nanoelectrode defined within the non-conductive substrate, wherein the at least one nanoelectrode is sized and/or shaped to immobilize an analyte or a probe molecule. Also provided are apparatuses and methods for SERS and detection of analytes or biological binding by EDL capacitance.
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Citations
57 Claims
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1. A nanostructured surface comprising:
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a substrate; and an array of metallic nanopillar islands on the substrate, wherein each metallic nanopillar island comprises a metal base layer on the substrate and a plurality of metallic nanopillars on the metal base layer, and wherein portions of the substrate between adjacent metallic nanopillar islands are free of the metal base layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. An apparatus for detecting an analyte by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy comprising:
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(i) a nanostructured surface comprising a substrate; and an array of metallic nanopillar islands on the substrate, wherein each metallic nanopillar island comprises a metal base layer on the substrate and a plurality of metallic nanopillars on the metal base layer, and wherein portions of the substrate between adjacent metallic nanopillar islands are free of the metal base layer; (ii) a radiation source, the radiation source operable to provide incident radiation to the nanostructured surface; and (iii) a detector, the detector positioned to receive radiation scattered from at least one analyte bound to the nanostructured surface, the scattered radiation being used to detect the analyte. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A method of detecting an analyte by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy comprising
(i) binding at least one analyte to a nanostructured surface that comprises a substrate; - and
an array of metallic nanopillar islands on the substrate, wherein each metallic nanopillar island comprises a metal base layer on the substrate and a plurality of metallic nanopillars on the metal base layer, and wherein portions of the substrate between adjacent metallic nanopillar islands are free of the metal base layer; (ii) irradiating the analyte bound to the nanostructured surface; and (iii) detecting radiation scattered by the at least one analyte. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. An apparatus for detecting an analyte and/or a biological or chemical binding event by electrical double layer capacitance comprising:
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(i) a nanostructured surface comprising a substrate; and an array of metallic nanopillar islands on the substrate, wherein each metallic nanopillar island comprises a metal base layer on the substrate and a plurality of metallic nanopillars on the metal base layer, and wherein portions of the substrate between adjacent metallic nanopillar islands are free of the metal base layer; (ii) an electrolyte in contact with at least one metallic nanopillar island; (iii) a reference electrode in electrical contact with the electrolyte; and (iv) a meter electrically coupled between the at least one metallic nanopillar island and the reference electrode, wherein the meter is configured to measure capacitances between the at least one metallic nanopillar island and the reference electrode. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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28. A method of detecting at least one analyte and/or a biological or chemical binding event by EDL capacitance comprising
(i) providing at least one analyte to an apparatus comprising (a) a nanostructured surface comprising a substrate, and an array of metallic nanopillar islands on the substrate, wherein each metallic nanopillar island comprises a metal base layer on the substrate and a plurality of metallic nanopillars on the metal base layer, and wherein portions of the substrate between adjacent metallic nanopillar islands are free of the metal base layers; -
(b) an electrolyte in contact with at least one metallic nanopillar island; and (c) a reference electrode in electrical contact with the electrolyte; (ii) measuring capacitances between at least one metallic nanopillar island and the reference electrode; and (iii) correlating the measured capacitances to detect whether the at least one analyte binds to the at least one of metallic nanopillar island. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A nanostructured surface comprising:
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a non-conductive substrate; and at least one nanoelectrode defined within the non-conductive substrate, wherein the at least one nanoelectrode is sized and/or shaped to immobilize an analyte and/or a probe molecule. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
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46. An apparatus for detecting at least one analyte and/or a biological or chemical binding event by electrical double layer capacitance comprising:
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(i) a nanostructured surface comprising a non-conductive substrate and at least one nanoelectrode defined within the non-conductive substrate, wherein the at least one nanoelectrode is sized and/or shaped to immobilize the at least one analyte and/or at least one probe molecule; (ii) an electrolyte in contact with the at least one nanoelectrode; (iii) a reference electrode in electrical contact with the electrolyte; and (iv) a meter electrically coupled between the at least one nanoelectrode and the reference electrode, wherein the meter is configured to measure capacitances between the at least one nanoelectrode and the reference electrode. - View Dependent Claims (47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52)
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53. A method of detecting at least one analyte and/or a biological or chemical binding event by EDL capacitance comprising
(i) providing at least one analyte to an apparatus comprising (a) a nanostructured surface comprising a non-conductive substrate and at least one nanoelectrode defined within the non-conductive substrate, wherein each nanoelectrode is sized and/or shaped to immobilize the at least one analyte and/or at least one probe molecule; -
(b) an electrolyte in contact with the at least one nanoelectrode; and (c) a reference electrode in electrical contact with the electrolyte; (ii) measuring capacitances between the at least one nanoelectrode and the reference electrode; and (iii) correlating the measured capacitances to detect whether the at least one analyte and/or the at least one probe molecule is immobilized by the at least one nanoelectrode. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 57)
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Specification