Multi-Parametric Fluid Determination Systems Using Complex Admittance

• US 20110060198A1
• Filed: 09/03/2010
• Published: 03/10/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: James W. Bennett, Leonid Matsiev
• Original Assignee: S.E.A. Medical Systems Inc.
• Inventors: Matsiev, Leonid F., Bennett, James W.
• Granted Patent: US 9,014,775 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/310
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/33 Controlling, regulating or measuring
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/331 used as turbidity change detectors, e.g. for priming-blood or plasma-hemoglubine-interface detection
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3313 used specific wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3317 Electromagnetic, inductive or dielectric measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3375 Acoustical, e.g. ultrasonic, measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2209/02 Equipment for testing the apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/168 Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body flow control in general G05D7/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16827 controlling delivery of multiple fluids, e.g. sequencing, mixing or via separate flow-paths infusion of multiple fluids without using a controller A61M5/1407
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/17 Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated where the material investigated is optically excited causing a change in wavelength of the incident light G01N21/63
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/02 by investigating impedance
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/026 Dielectric impedance spectroscopy electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for measuring corrosion G01N17/02
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/17 delivered via infusion or injection

Abstract

Apparatus, systems, and methods related to determining the identity and concentration of an intravenous fluid. The apparatus, systems, and methods described herein may provide near real-time monitoring and/or determination of the identity of the components of an intravenous fluid. The concentration and identify of all of the components of an intravenous fluid may be identified simultaneously.

Claims

1. A method for determining the identity and concentration of an intravenous fluid, the method comprising:

exposing a sensor of a device for multi-parametric testing of intravenous fluid to an intravenous fluid;

determining a multi-parametric profile from the intravenous fluid, wherein the multi-parametric profile comprises

a first parameter comprising a complex admittance or impedance signal from the intravenous fluid, and

a second parameter independent of the first parameter from the intravenous fluid;

comparing the multi-parametric profile to stored expected parameter values to determine the identity and concentration of one or more components of the intravenous fluid.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of comparing the multi-parametric profile comprises simultaneously identifying and determining the concentration of one or more components of the intravenous fluid.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the multi-parametric profile characteristic comprises measuring the second parameter as an optical parameter.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parameter comprises an electrical admittance or impedance measurement taken at a plurality of frequencies.

5. A multi-parametric intravenous fluid monitoring apparatus for determining the composition of an intravenous fluid, the apparatus comprising:

a substrate adapted for fluidic interface with source of intravenous fluid prepared for delivery into a patient;

a first sensor element on the substrate comprising a pair of electrodes configured to measure the complex admittance or impedance of the intravenous fluid between them;

a second sensor element; and

a processor configured to receive data from the first sensor element and the second sensor element, wherein the processor comprises a comparator configured to compare parameters derived from the first and second sensor element with stored expected parameter values to identify and determine the concentration of one or more components of the intravenous fluid.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second sensor element is configured to provide the processor with a parameter that is independent of the parameter provided by the first sensor element.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second sensor element comprises an optical element.

8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first sensor element comprises an electrical admittance or impedance sensor configured to determine the complex admittance or impedance over a range of frequencies.

9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second sensor element is configured to measure a complex admittance or impedance from the intravenous fluid and comprises at least one electrode separate from the pair of electrodes of the first sensor element.

10. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor comprises stored expected parameter values able to uniquely identify one or more pharmaceuticals in a carrier solution, wherein the carrier solution comprises one of:

D5W, 3.3% Dextrose/0.3% saline, Half-normal saline, Normal saline, and Ringers lactate, and the one or more pharmaceuticals comprises one or more of;

an anticoagulant, a metabolically-active hormone, an anticoagulant, and an analgesic.

11. A multi-parametric intravenous fluid monitoring apparatus for determining the composition of an intravenous fluid, the apparatus comprising:

a substrate adapted for fluidic interface with source of intravenous fluid prepared for delivery into a patient;

a first sensor element on the substrate comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the first sensor element configured to measure a first complex admittance or impedance of the intravenous fluid between the first and second electrodes;

a second sensor element on the substrate comprising a third electrode formed of a different conductive material than the first and second electrodes, the second sensor element configured to measure a second complex admittance or impedance of the intravenous fluid between the third electrode and another electrode; and

a processor configured to receive complex admittance or impedance data from the first sensor element and the second sensor element, wherein the processor comprises a comparator configured to compare parameters derived from the first and second sensor elements with stored expected parameter values to identify and determine the concentration of one or more components of the intravenous fluid.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first, second and third electrodes are each formed of a conductive material selected from the group consisting of:

Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, W, Ti, Ni, Sn, and Co.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the substrate is within a housing comprising one or more conduits and having a first end adapted for fluid communication with the fluid source and a second end adapted for fluid communication with an intravenous infusion device for infusion of fluid into the vascular system of the patient.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second sensor element comprises the third electrode and one of the first or second electrodes from the first sensor element.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a third sensor element, further wherein the processor is configured to receive and compare data from the third sensor element to identify and determine the concentration of one or more component of the intravenous fluid.

16. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising an optical sensor element.

17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first sensor element comprises an admittance or impedance sensor configured to determine complex admittance or impedance at a plurality of frequencies.

18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second sensor element comprises an admittance or impedance sensor configured to determine complex admittance or impedance at a plurality of frequencies.

19. A method for determining the identity and concentration of an intravenous fluid, the method comprising:

applying intravenous fluid to a device for multi-parametric testing of the intravenous fluid;

determining a multi-parametric profile from the intravenous fluid, wherein the multi-parametric profile comprises

a first parameter comprising a first complex admittance or impedance signal from the intravenous fluid, and

a second parameter comprising a second complex admittance or impedance signal from the intravenous fluid;

comparing the multi-parametric profile parameters to stored expected parameter values to identify and determine the concentration of one or more components of the intravenous fluid.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first parameter comprises an admittance or impedance spectrum taken at a plurality of frequencies.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the second parameter comprises an admittance or impedance spectrum taken at a plurality of frequencies.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the step of determining the multi-parametric profile comprises determining a third parameter that is not a complex admittance or impedance signal.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the third parameter is an optical parameter.

24. The method of claim 19, further comprising connecting the device for multi-parametric testing of intravenous fluid to an intravenous infusion device for infusion of fluid into the vascular system of the patient.

25. An intravenous fluid monitoring apparatus for determining the composition of an intravenous fluid, the apparatus comprising:

a substrate adapted for fluidic interface with source of intravenous fluid prepared for delivery into a patient;

a sensor element on the substrate comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the sensor element configured to measure a first complex admittance or impedance of the intravenous fluid between the first and second electrodes;

a processor configured to receive parameter values incorporating the complex admittance or impedance data from the sensor element, wherein the processor comprises a comparator configured to compare the received parameter values with stored expected parameter values to identify and determine the concentration of components of the intravenous fluid.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first and second electrodes are formed of different conductive materials.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first and second electrodes are each formed of a conductive material selected from the group consisting of:

Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, W, Ti, Ni, Sn, and Co.

28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the substrate is within a housing comprising one or more conduits and having a first end adapted for fluid communication with the fluid source and a second end adapted for fluid communication with an intravenous infusion device for infusion of fluid into the vascular system of the patient.

29. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising a second sensor element on the substrate, the second sensor element comprising a third electrode, the second sensor element configured to measure a first complex admittance or impedance of the intravenous fluid between the third electrode and another electrode.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the second sensor element comprises the third electrode and another electrode selected from either the first electrode or the second electrode of the first sensor element.

31. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the sensor element comprises an admittance or impedance spectroscopy sensor configured to determine complex admittance or impedance at a plurality of frequencies.

32. A method for determining the identity and concentration of an intravenous fluid, the method comprising:

applying intravenous fluid to a device for testing of the intravenous fluid by admittance or impedance spectroscopy;

determining complex admittance or impedance signals from the intravenous fluid between at least one pair of electrodes, and

comparing received parameter values incorporating the complex admittance or impedance signal with stored expected parameter values to identify and determine the concentration of one or more components of the intravenous fluid.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the complex admittance or impedance signals comprise admittance or impedance spectrum taken at a plurality of frequencies.

34. The method of claim 32, further comprising determining second received parameter values incorporating complex admittance or impedance signals from the intravenous fluid measured between a pair of electrodes.

35. The method of claim 32, further comprising applying the tested intravenous fluid into the vascular system of a patient.

36. The method of claim 32, further comprising connecting the testing device to an intravenous infusion device for infusion of fluid into the vascular system of a patient.