INTERFACES, CIRCUITS, AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATING WITH A DOUBLE DATA RATE MEMORY DEVICE

• US 20110063931A1
• Filed: 09/11/2009
• Published: 03/17/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP (Singapore) PTE Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Haugestuen, Benjamin P., Linam, David, Evans, Scott T.
• Granted Patent: US 8,234,422 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 365/193
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/1689 Synchronisation and timing concerns synchronisation on a memory bus G06F13/4234

Abstract

An input/output interface reads data from and writes data to a DDR memory. The interface includes data and strobe circuits. The strobe circuit includes preamble logic, a first counter operating with a strobe clock, a second counter operating with an ASIC-generated clock, a strobe park circuit and a first synchronizer. The preamble logic receives strobe signals from the DDR memory and generates a preamble signal. The first counter generates a first input of the strobe park circuit. The second counter generates a second input of the strobe park circuit. The strobe park circuit controllably replaces the strobe signals from the DDR memory with respective non-transitioning signals when data is not being read. The data circuit includes a FIFO buffer and a second synchronizer. The FIFO buffer receives data with the strobe clock. The second synchronizer generates a representation of the data in response to the ASIC-generated clock.

Claims

1. An input/output interface for communicating between an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with a memory controller and a double data rate (DDR) memory device, the interface comprising:

a strobe circuit comprising;

a preamble logic element arranged to receive strobe signals from the DDR memory device and generate a preamble signal;

a first counter arranged to receive the preamble signal and the strobe signals, the first counter generating a strobe count signal;

a second counter arranged to receive a read enable signal and an ASIC-generated clock, the second counter generating a read count signal;

a strobe park circuit arranged to receive the preamble signal, the read count signal and the strobe count signal, the strobe park circuit generating a control signal that controllably replaces the strobe signals from the DDR memory with respective non-transitioning signals when the ASIC is not receiving data from the DDR memory device; and

a first synchronizer arranged to receive the ASIC-generated clock and generate a synchronized count in response to a reset signal from the memory controller; and

a data circuit comprising;

a FIFO buffer arranged to receive a data input from the DDR memory device, the strobe signals, and the strobe count signal, the HFO buffer generating a read data signal; and

a second synchronizer arranged to receive the read data signal, the ASIC-generated clock, and the synchronized count, the second synchronizer generating a representation of the read data signal in synchronization with the ASIC-generated clock.

2. The interface of claim 1, wherein the preamble logic comprises a detector, a glitch suppressor and a pulse generator.

3. The interface of claim 2, wherein the detector comprises a true offset amplifier arranged to receive a true strobe signal at a non-inverting input and a reference voltage at an inverting input, a complimentary offset amplifier arranged to receive a complimentary strobe signal at a non-inverting input and the reference voltage at an inverting input and a NOR logic gate arranged to receive the respective outputs of the true offset amplifier and the complimentary offset amplifier and generate a preamble detection signal.

4. The interface of claim 2, wherein the detector comprises a pair of differential offset amplifiers coupled to a true strobe signal and a complimentary strobe signal, respectively, and a NOR logic gate arranged to receive the respective outputs of the differential offset amplifiers and generate a preamble detection signal, the pair of differential offset amplifiers responsive to an offset voltage.

5. The interface of claim 2, wherein the glitch suppressor comprises a first delay element and a first NAND logic gate, the glitch suppressor generating a glitch suppressor output signal that is coupled to an input of the pulse generator.

6. The interface of claim 5, wherein the pulse generator comprises an inverter, a second delay element and a second NAND logic gate, the pulse generator generating a pulse generator output signal that is used by the interface to reset the strobe park circuit.

7. The interface of claim 1, wherein the strobe park circuit comprises a signal buffer and a state machine.

8. The interface of claim 7, wherein the signal buffer comprises a first delay element and a comparator, the first delay element arranged to generate a read data enable signal that is responsive to the ASIC-generated clock and coupled to a first input of the state machine and wherein the comparator is arranged to generate a counter equalization signal responsive to the strobe signal and the ASIC-generated clock.

9. The interface of claim 7, wherein the state machine comprises 4 valid states responsive to 3 input signals, a first valid state defining a strobe park condition and each of the second valid state, the third valid state and the fourth valid state defining an active strobe condition.

10. The interface of claim 9, wherein the 3 input signals comprise the pulse generator output signal, a read count signal and the strobe signal.

11. The interface of claim 1, further comprising a write leveler having a pair of latches responsive to a third counter and a fourth counter, the third counter and fourth counter forming a pair of synchronized counters, wherein the third counter operates in an unleveled clock domain and controls loading of the pair of latches and wherein the fourth counter operates in a leveled clock domain and controls a multiplexer.

12. The interface of claim 11, wherein the write leveler generates and holds valid data for greater than one and a half clock cycles in the unleveled clock domain.

13. The interface of claim 11, wherein the write leveler comprises a latch controller, the latch controller responsive to write count, clock synchronization and 2X clock signals, where X is a frequency associated with a reference clock signal.

14. The interface of claim 1, further comprising a write-leveling controller comprising a first 1-bit counter operating in response to the ASIC-generated clock, a second 1-bit counter operating in the write-leveled domain, a decode logic element responsive to programmable delay information received from the memory controller and a domain crossing circuit, the domain crossing circuit arranged to receive an output from the first 1-bit counter and a signal from the decode logic and generate a first 1-bit counter output that is coupled to a data input of the second 1-bit counter.

15. The interface of claim 14, wherein the decode logic element receives an N-bit word from the memory controller that when decoded and applied to the domain crossing circuit enables 2^N different delay periods.

16. A method for communicating between an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and a double data rate (DDR) memory device, the method comprising:

in a read mode;

detecting a strobe preamble;

using a state machine to activate strobe receiver output signals in response to the strobe preamble;

receiving an indication via signal transitions in an ASIC-generated clock and a read data enable signal of a data string length to be read from the DDR memory device;

generating a first count of ASIC-generated clock signal transitions while receiving data from the DDR memory device;

generating a second count of incoming strobe signal transitions while receiving data from the DDR memory device;

determining when the read data enable signal transitions;

generating a control signal when the first count and the second count are equal; and

using the state machine to deactivate the strobe receiver output signals in response to the combination of the read data control signal transition and the control signal;

in a write mode;

generating a source clock signal responsive to the ASIC-generated clock;

generating a synchronizing signal as a function of the source clock signal and a select one of three stages from a domain crossing circuit;

generating a write-leveled representation of the source clock signal and the synchronizing signal;

generating a third count responsive to transitions of the source clock signal and the synchronizing signal;

generating a fourth count responsive to transitions of the write-leveled representation of the source clock signal and the write-leveled representation of the synchronizing signal;

controllably latching data to be written to the DDR memory device to a first latch and a second latch in accordance with the third count; and

controllably switching between an output of the first latch and an output of the second latch in accordance with the fourth count to generate a data output signal.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein detecting a strobe preamble comprises receiving a reference voltage, a true strobe signal, and a complimentary strobe signal, applying the true strobe signal to the non-inverting input of a true offset amplifier, applying the complimentary strobe signal to the non-inverting input of a complimentary offset amplifiers, applying the reference voltage to inverting inputs of the true and complimentary offset amplifiers, and coupling outputs of the true and complimentary offset amplifiers to a NOR logic gate.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein using the state machine further comprises monitoring the read data enable signal and the control signal.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the steps of controllably latching and controllably switching combine to maintain data in a valid condition for greater than one and a half clock cycles.

20. The method of claim 16, further comprising in the write mode:

applying programmable delay information received from a memory controller to a domain crossing circuit, the domain crossing circuit arranged to receive an output from a first 1-bit counter and a signal from a decode logic element and generate a first 1-bit counter output that is coupled to a data input of a second 1-bit counter, the first 1-bit counter operating in an ASIC clock domain and the second 1-bit counter operating in a leveled domain.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the decode logic element receives an N-bit word from the memory controller that when decoded and applied to the domain crossing circuit enables 2^N different delay periods.

22. An input/output interface for communicating with a double data rate (DDR) memory device, the interface comprising:

a state machine implemented in a strobe park circuit, the state machine operating in multiple clock domains in accordance with both synchronous and asynchronous inputs, the state machine comprising four states responsive to the synchronous and asynchronous inputs, a first state defining a strobe park condition and each of a second state, a third state and a fourth state defining an active strobe condition.

23. The input/output interface of claim 22, wherein the synchronous inputs include a read count signal and a strobe signal.

24. The input/output interface of claim 22, wherein an asynchronous input comprises a pulse generator output signal.