FUEL CELL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FUEL CELL, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION ELECTRODE, BIOSENSOR, BIOREACTOR, ENERGY CONVERSION ELEMENT, AND ENZYME REACTION-UTILIZING APPARATUS
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Abstract
A fuel cell and a method for manufacturing the same are provided, wherein at least one type of enzyme and coenzyme are confined in a minute space, an enzyme reaction is effected while this space serves as a reaction field. Thereby, electrons can be taken out of the fuel efficiently to generate electrical energy, and immobilization of these enzyme and coenzyme on an electrode can be performed easily. The enzyme and the coenzyme required for an enzyme reaction are encapsulated in a liposome, and the resulting liposome is immobilized on the surface of an electrode formed from porous carbon or the like so as to form an enzyme immobilization electrode. A transporter is incorporated in the liposome, as necessary. An electron mediator is also immobilized on the surface of the electrode. The resulting enzyme immobilization electrode is used as, for example, a negative electrode of a biofuel cell.
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Citations
46 Claims
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1-23. -23. (canceled)
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24. A fuel cell comprising:
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a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed with a proton conductor therebetween and being configured to take electrons out of a fuel by using an enzyme and a coenzyme, wherein at least one type of the enzyme and at least one type of the coenzyme are encapsulated in a liposome. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. A method for manufacturing a fuel cell having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed with a proton conductor therebetween and taking electrons out of a fuel by using an enzyme and a coenzyme, the method comprising:
encapsulating at least one type of the enzyme and at least one type of the coenzyme in a liposome.
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41. An electronic apparatus comprising:
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at least one fuel cell, wherein at least one of the fuel cell has a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed with a proton conductor therebetween and is configured to take electrons out of a fuel by using an enzyme and a coenzyme, and at least one type of the enzyme and at least one type of the coenzyme are encapsulated in a liposome.
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42. An enzyme immobilization electrode, wherein a liposome encapsulating at least one type of enzyme and at least one type of coenzyme therein is immobilized.
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43. A biosensor,
wherein an enzyme and a coenzyme are used and at least one type of the enzyme and at least one type of the coenzyme are encapsulated in a liposome.
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44. A bioreactor,
wherein an enzyme and a coenzyme are used and at least one type of the enzyme and at least one type of the coenzyme are encapsulated in a liposome.
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45. An energy conversion element, wherein a liposome encapsulating at least one type of enzyme and at least one type of coenzyme therein is used.
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46. An enzyme reaction-utilizing apparatus,
wherein an enzyme and a coenzyme are used and at least one type of enzyme and at least one type of coenzyme are encapsulated in a liposome.
Specification