CO-ELECTRODEPOSITED HYDROGEL-CONDUCTING POLYMER ELECTRODES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

• US 20110087315A1
• Filed: 04/06/2010
• Published: 04/14/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 08/31/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Michigan (University of Michigan)
• Original Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Michigan (University of Michigan)
• Inventors: King, Zachary, Richardson-Burns, Sarah, Jan, Edward, Sereno, Andrew, Hendricks, Jeffrey L., Martin, David C.
• Granted Patent: US 9,084,546 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 607/116
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0217 Electrolyte containing
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/125 characterised by the manufacture of electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/24 Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/25 Bioelectric electrodes therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/05 for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode A61N1/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0531 Brain cortex electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0534 Electrodes for deep brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0536 Preventing neurodegenerative response or inflammatory reaction
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0541 Cochlear electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0543 Retinal electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/056 Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2035/0827 using UV radiation
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 35/02 Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mouldcold vulcanisation B29C35/18 ; vulcanising tyres, presses therefor B29D30/0601
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 67/02 Moulding by agglomerating B29C67/20 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2039/00 Use of polymers with unsaturated aliphatic radicals and with a nitrogen or a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen in a side chain or derivatives thereof as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2995/0005 Conductive
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2031/34 Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2031/7546 Surgical equipment
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 28/00 Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/327 Biochemical electrodes , e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3272 : Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels optical biosensors G01N33/52
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/127 : comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes

Abstract

Bioelectrodes having enhanced biocompatible and biomimetic features are provided. Methods of making and using the bioelectrodes are further provided. A biologically integrated bioelectrode device and method for detecting electronic signals using a bioelectrode comprising a first electrically conductive substrate and a biological component. The bioelectrode also comprises a conductive polymer electrically coupling the first electrically conductive substrate and the biological component to define a bioelectrode. The bioelectrode can transmit or receive an electrical signal between the electrically conductive substrate and the biological component and conductive polymer.

Claims

1. A method of making a three-dimensional hydrogel-conducting polymer electrode for an implantable medical device, the method comprising:

coating an electrode with a hydrogel solution, wherein the coating is performed by dip coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution or by electrochemically coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution; and

electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is coated by dip coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution followed by electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode through the hydrogel.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is coated by electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode followed by dip coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising a step of electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode through the hydrogel.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is coated by electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode followed by electrochemically coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising a step of electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode through the hydrogel.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is electrochemically coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution followed by electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode on the electrode through the hydrogel.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein electrochemically coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution and electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode are performed simultaneously.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising dip coating the electrode with a hydrogel solution after simultaneously electrochemically coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution and electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising electrochemically depositing a conducting polymer on the electrode on the electrode through the hydrogel after dip coating the electrode with a hydrogel solution.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising exposing the electrode to a covalent or ionic crosslinking agent after coating the electrode with the hydrogel solution.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel solution comprises alginate.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer comprises 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.

14. A three-dimensional hydrogel-conducting polymer electrode for an implantable medical device made according to the method of claim 1.

15. A method of making a three-dimensional hydrogel-conducting polymer electrode for an implantable medical device, the method comprising:

crosslinking a hydrogel;

soaking the hydrogel in a solution comprising a conducting polymer precursor;

polymerizing the conducting polymer precursor in the hydrogel;

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the hydrogel comprises alginate.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the hydrogel in the crosslinking step is formed from a solution that does not contain divalent cations.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the hydrogel in the crosslinking step is partially dried.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the crosslinking comprises exposing the hydrogel to a solution comprising a divalent cation or a chemical crosslinker or by UV crosslinking the hydrogel.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the solution comprising a divalent cation comprises one or more calcium and/or magnesium salts.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the UV crosslinking comprises UV exposure for about 1 to about 20 minutes.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the chemical crosslinker comprises 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC or EDAC), glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, or combinations thereof.

23. The method of claim 15, wherein the conducting polymer precursor comprises 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.

24. The method of claim 15, wherein the crosslinking and the soaking steps are combined.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the combined crosslinking and soaking steps comprise placing the hydrogel in a solution comprising one or more calcium and/or magnesium salts and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.

26. The method of claim 15, wherein polymerizing the conducting polymer precursor in the hydrogel comprises contacting the hydrogel with an acidic solution comprising an oxidizing agent.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a gold, platinum, or iridium salt.

28. A three-dimensional hydrogel-conducting polymer electrode made according to the method of claim 15.