COMPOSITE RIGHT/LEFT (CRLH) COUPLERS
First Claim
1. A coupler apparatus for generating separate signal channels from a radio-frequency input, comprising:
- an input line configured for receiving a high-frequency input signal;
a transmission line connecting said input line to an output line and to at least one separate signal channel; and
means for creating a left-handed anti-parallel relationship between phase and group velocities below a transition frequency, ω
0, and a right-handed parallel relationship between phase and group velocities above transition frequency ω
0, within at least a portion of said transmission line, to generate backward wave coupling;
wherein said means comprises an artificial composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL);
wherein said CRLH TL comprises a unit cell;
wherein said unit cell comprises a series combination of a right-handed inductor and a left-handed capacitor; and
wherein said series combination of said right-handed inductor and said left-handed capacitor is coupled to a paralleled combination of a right-handed shunt capacitor and a left-handed shunt inductor.
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Accused Products
Abstract
High-frequency couplers and coupling techniques are described utilizing artificial composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL). Three specific forms of couplers are described; (1) a coupled-line backward coupler is described with arbitrary tight/loose coupling and broad bandwidth; (2) a compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring coupler is described with increased bandwidth and decreased size; and (3) a dual-band branch-line coupler that is not limited to a harmonic relation between the bands. These variations are preferably implemented in a microstrip fabrication process and may use lumped-element components. The couplers and coupling techniques are directed at increasing the utility while decreasing the size of high-frequency couplers, and are suitable for use with separate coupler or couplers integrated within integrated devices.
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Citations
15 Claims
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1. A coupler apparatus for generating separate signal channels from a radio-frequency input, comprising:
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an input line configured for receiving a high-frequency input signal; a transmission line connecting said input line to an output line and to at least one separate signal channel; and means for creating a left-handed anti-parallel relationship between phase and group velocities below a transition frequency, ω
0, and a right-handed parallel relationship between phase and group velocities above transition frequency ω
0, within at least a portion of said transmission line, to generate backward wave coupling;wherein said means comprises an artificial composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL); wherein said CRLH TL comprises a unit cell; wherein said unit cell comprises a series combination of a right-handed inductor and a left-handed capacitor; and wherein said series combination of said right-handed inductor and said left-handed capacitor is coupled to a paralleled combination of a right-handed shunt capacitor and a left-handed shunt inductor. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. A coupler apparatus for generating separate signal channels from a radio-frequency input, comprising:
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an input line configured for receiving a high-frequency input signal; a transmission line connecting said input line to an output line and to at least one separate signal channel; and means for creating a left-handed anti-parallel relationship between phase and group velocities below a transition frequency, ω
0, and a right-handed parallel relationship between phase and group velocities above transition frequency ω
0, within at least a portion of said transmission line, to generate backward wave coupling;wherein said means comprises an artificial composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL); wherein said CRLH TL comprises a right-handed (RH) TL section and a left-handed (LH) TL section; and wherein the LH TL section is configured with alternating series capacitors of value C and shunt inductors of value L, and is coupled to the RH TL section with a capacitor of value 2 C. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A coupler apparatus for generating separate signal channels from a radio-frequency input, comprising:
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an input line configured for receiving a high-frequency input signal; a transmission line connecting said input line to an output line and to at least one separate signal channel; and means for creating a left-handed anti-parallel relationship between phase and group velocities below a transition frequency, ω
0, and a right-handed parallel relationship between phase and group velocities above transition frequency ω
0, within at least a portion of said transmission line, to generate backward wave coupling;wherein said means comprises an artificial composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL); and wherein said CRLH TL comprises alternating left-handed (LH) capacitors and right-handed (RH) TL sections coupled in series, and LH inductors shunting said RH TL sections, respectively. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15)
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Specification