METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE MAXIMUM POWER GENERATION CAPACITY AND FOR CONTROLLING A SPECIFIED POWER RESERVE OF A SINGLE CYCLE OR COMBINED CYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT, AND A POWER GENERATING SYSTEM FOR USE WITH SAID METHOD

• US 20110160979A1
• Filed: 12/23/2010
• Published: 06/30/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 06/26/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited (Ansaldo Energia SPA)
• Original Assignee: Alstom Technology Ltd. (Alstom SA)
• Inventors: MÜLLER, Eric Andre
• Granted Patent: US 8,620,482 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 701/100
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 17/16 by means of nozzle vanes
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 13/02 Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 23/10 with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle F01K17/025 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 1/007 combination of cycles
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 9/00 Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants controlling air intakes F02C7/057; controlling turbines F01D; controlling compressors F04D27/00; controlling in general G05
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/301 Pressure
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/303 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/44 active, predictive, or anticipative
• CPC Class Codes: F22B 1/1815 using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 17/02 electric
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/16 Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Abstract

An estimation unit can estimate, on a real-time basis, a maximum power generation capacity of a single cycle or combined cycle gas turbine power plant. For example, the actual power output and the maximum power generation capacity can be calculated relying on a mathematical process model. Subsequently, the calculated actual power output can be compared with the measured power output yielding a model-estimation error. Based on the model-estimation error, a correction signal can be deduced, to correct the calculated maximum power generation capacity. A controller can maintain a specified power reserve. The controller can use an estimate of the maximum power generation capacity as a reference, subtract a load offset, and apply the resulting signal as upper limit of the load set-point.

Claims

1. A method of estimating the maximum power generation capacity of a gas turbine power plant having a controller which regulates an operation of the power plant, the method comprising:

calculating an actual power output and a maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant based on a mathematical model of the gas turbine power plant;

measuring the actual power output of the gas turbine power plant;

comparing the calculated actual power output and the measured power output to derive a model-estimation error;

processing the model-estimation error to generate a correction signal; and

applying the correction signal to the calculated maximum power generation capacity to obtain a corrected estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model of the gas turbine power plant is a control-oriented and dynamic model.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model relies on an input vector that comprises one or more of manipulated variables of the controller, which regulates the operation of the power plant.

4. A method according to claim 1, comprising:

determining base load values of the manipulated variables; and

calculating the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant with the base load values.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model relies on an input vector that comprises signals indicative of disturbances.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model relies on an input vector that comprises power plant process measurements.

7. A method according to claim 1, wherein limiting values of the power plant process measurements are used to calculate the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant.

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model relies on at least one of the following signals:

a signal indicative of a position of variable inlet guide vanes, a signal indicative of a base load position of the variable inlet guide vanes, signal(s) indicative of turbine inlet temperature(s), signal(s) indicative of base load value(s) of the turbine inlet temperature(s), signal(s) indicative of mixed turbine inlet temperature(s), signal(s) indicative of base load value(s) of the mixed turbine inlet temperature(s), signal(s) indicative of the turbine outlet temperature(s), signal(s) indicative of base load value(s) of the turbine outlet temperature(s), a signal indicative of a gas turbine compressor inlet temperature, a signal indicative of a coolant temperature of a steam turbine condenser, a signal indicative of fuel type used, a signal indicative of quality of fuel used, signals indicating a state of power augmentation measures, a signal indicative of gas turbine compressor outlet temperature, and a signal indicative of gas turbine compressor outlet pressure.

9. A method according to claim 1, comprising:

evaluating a quotient of the measured power output and the calculated actual power output yielding a multiplicative model-estimation error; and

multiplying the calculated maximum power generation capacity by the correction signal to obtain a corrected estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant.

10. A method according to claim 1, comprising:

evaluating a difference of the measured power output and the calculated actual power output, yielding an additive model-estimation error; and

adding the correction signal to the calculated maximum power generation capacity to obtain a corrected estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant.

11. A method according to claim 1, comprising:

separating the model-estimation error by dynamic filtering into a low-frequency part and a high-frequency part, and the low-frequency part is subsequently used as correction signal.

12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the gas turbine power plant is of single cycle type.

13. A method according to claim 1, wherein the gas turbine power plant is of combined cycle type.

14. A method for controlling a specified power reserve of a gas turbine power plant having an input means which generates a load set-point signal for the gas turbine power plant and a controller which receives the load set-point signal and regulates a power output of the gas turbine power plant, the method comprising:

continuously updating an estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant;

calculating a load offset by specifying a power reserve and determining the load offset from the specified power reserve;

calculating a load limit as a difference of the estimate of the maximum power generation capacity and the load offset; and

applying the load limit as an upper limit of the load set-point signal to obtain a limited load set-point signal.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the estimate of the maximum power generation capacity is calculated by:

calculating an actual power output and a maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant based on a mathematical model of the gas turbine power plant;

measuring the actual power output of the gas turbine power plant;

comparing the calculated actual power output and the measured power output to derive a model-estimation error;

processing the model-estimation error to generate a correction signal;

applying the correction signal to the calculated maximum power generation capacity to obtain a corrected estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant.

16. A method according to claim 14, wherein the calculating of the load offset relies on model assumptions which consider dynamic properties of the gas turbine power plant.

17. A method according to claim 14, wherein the calculating of the load offset relies on an input vector that comprises one or more of the manipulated variables of the controller, which regulates the power output of the gas turbine power plant.

18. A method according to claim 14, wherein the calculating of the load offset relies on an input vector that comprises signals indicative of disturbances.

19. A method according to claim 14, wherein the calculating of the load offset relies on an input vector that comprises power plant process measurements.

20. A method according to one of the claim 14, wherein the calculating of the load offset relies on at least one of a signal indicative of gas turbine compressor inlet temperature, and a signal indicative of coolant temperature of the steam turbine condenser.

21. A method according to claim 14, wherein the specifying of a power reserve includes:

specifying a quantity indicative of a desired maximum time within which a desired power capacity has to be provided.

22. A method according to claim 14, wherein the specifying of a power reserve includes:

specifying a desired power capacity which is defined as a constant value.

23. A method according to claim 14, wherein the specifying a power reserve includes:

a specification of a desired power capacity which is defined as a fixed percentage of the estimate of the maximum power generation capacity.

24. A method according to claim 14, comprising:

generating a load signal by adding a load component for frequency support to the limited load set-point signal; and

using the signal obtained as an input for the controller, which receives a load set-point signal and regulates the power output of the gas turbine power plant.

25. A method according to claim 22, comprising:

calculating a second load limit as a sum of the load limit and the desired power capacity;

generating a load signal by adding a load component for frequency support to the limited load set-point signal;

applying the second load limit as an upper limit of the load signal to obtain a signal; and

using the signal obtained as an input for the controller, which receives a load set-point signal and regulates the power output of the gas turbine power plant.

26. A method according to claim 14, wherein the gas turbine power plant is of single cycle type.

27. A method according to claim 14, wherein the gas turbine power plant is of combined cycle type.

28. A power generating system, comprising:

a gas turbine power plant;

a controller for regulating operation of the gas turbine power plant; and

an estimation unit for;

calculating an actual power output and a maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant based on a mathematical model of the gas turbine power plant;

measuring the actual power output of the gas turbine power plant;

comparing the calculated actual power output and the measured power output to derive a model-estimation error;

processing the model-estimation error to generate a correction signal;

applying the correction signal to the calculated maximum power generation capacity to obtain a corrected estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant; and

continuously providing an estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant.

29. A power generating system according to claim 28, comprising:

a display for displaying the estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant to the operator of the power plant.

30. A power generating system according to claim 28, wherein the gas turbine power plant is of single cycle type.

31. A power generating system according to claim 28, wherein the gas turbine power plant is of combined cycle type.

32. A power generating system, comprising:

a gas turbine power plant;

an input means for generating a load set-point signal for the gas turbine power plant;

a controller for receiving the load set-point signal and for regulating the power output of the gas turbine power plant; and

an input means for specifying a power reserve;

wherein the controller is configured for;

operating the gas turbine power plant such that the specified power reserve is maintained;

using a continuously updated estimate of the maximum power generation capacity of the gas turbine power plant;

calculating a load offset by specifying a power reserve and for determining the load offset from the specified power reserve;

calculating a load limit as a difference of said estimate of the maximum power generation capacity and said load offset; and

applying said limit as an upper limit of said load set-point signal to obtain a limited load set-point signal.

33. A power generating system according to claim 32, comprising:

a display for displaying an operator of the power plant the calculated load limit.

34. A power generating system according to claim 32,

wherein the gas turbine power plant is of single cycle type.

35. A power generating system according to claim 32,

wherein the gas turbine power plant is of combined cycle type.