STABILIZING NATURAL CIRCULATION SYSTEMS WITH NANO PARTICLES
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Abstract
Natural circulation loop/system adapted to suppress flow instability inherent to fluid medium due to low driving force and non-linearity of the natural circulation process including regenerative feed back between flow rate, driving force and pressure drop by selective metallic oxide nanoparticle base fluid media such as AI2O3 dispersed in water. Advantageously even small amounts of nanoparticles dispersed in water in the natural circulation systems are found to free the loop from undesirable instability ties and importantly also surprisingly enhance the flow rate thereby facilitating avoiding premature critical heat flux, operation and control problems of such natural circulation based heat recovery. The invention thus provides simple and efficient mode of natural circulation heat recovery with flow stability and enhanced flow rate at reduced cost, favouring wide scale application and use of such system for variety of end uses/applications.
21 Citations
26 Claims
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1-14. -14. (canceled)
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15. A method for suppression of flow instabilities and enhancement of buoyancy induced flow rate in natural circulation systems of heat removal applications comprising:
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providing metallic oxide nano particles in the range of 0.3 to 2 wt % dispersed in water as a base fluid media, which forms a suspension; introducing the thus obtained suspension of nano particles dispersed in water in natural circulation loops of said heat removal system. - View Dependent Claims (16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A system of natural circulation loop based heat recovery comprising :
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a loop with defined flow cross-section area for the flow of the base fluid; a heat source operatively associated with the loop along a region of the said loop; a cooling region for cooling the heated base fluid flowing through the loop ; said heat source and cooling region selectively disposed in the loop to facilitate the natural circulation based on temperature gradient; said base fluid comprising metallic oxide nano particles selectively in the range of 0.3 to 2 wt % dispersed in water to facilitate the suppression of flow instabilities in the loop and increase in the natural circulation flow rate in the loop for effective natural circulation. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25)
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26. A heat removal media comprising a base fluid having nano particles selectively in the range of 0.3 to 2 wt % dispersed in water.
Specification