SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY POWER GENERATION USING A CARBON DIOXIDE CIRCULATING WORKING FLUID
First Claim
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1. A method of power generation comprising:
- introducing a fuel, O2, and a CO2 circulating fluid into a combustor, the CO2 being introduced at a pressure of at least about 12 MPa and a temperature of at least about 400°
C.;
combusting the fuel to provide a combustion product stream comprising CO2, the combustion product stream having a temperature of at least about 800°
C.;
expanding the combustion product stream across a turbine to generate power, the turbine having an inlet for receiving the combustion product stream and an outlet for release of a turbine discharge stream comprising CO2, wherein the pressure ratio of the combustion product stream at the inlet compared to the turbine discharge stream at the outlet is less than about 12;
withdrawing heat from the turbine discharge stream by passing the turbine discharge stream through a primary heat exchange unit to provide a cooled turbine discharge stream;
removing from the cooled turbine discharge stream one or more secondary components that are present in the cooled turbine discharge stream in addition to CO2 to provide a purified, cooled turbine discharge stream;
compressing the purified, cooled turbine discharge stream with a first compressor to a pressure above the CO2 critical pressure to provide a supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream;
cooling the supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream to a temperature where its density is at least about 200 kg/m3;
passing the supercritical, high density CO2 circulating fluid through a second compressor to pressurize the CO2 circulating fluid to the pressure required for input to the combustor;
passing the supercritical, high density, high pressure CO2 circulating fluid through the same primary heat exchange unit such that the withdrawn heat is used to increase the temperature of the CO2 circulating fluid;
supplying an additional quantity of heat to the supercritical, high density, high pressure CO2 circulating fluid so that the difference between the temperature of the CO2 circulating fluid exiting the primary heat exchange unit for recycle to the combustor and the temperature of the turbine discharge stream is less than about 50°
C.; and
recycling the heated, supercritical, high density CO2 circulating fluid into the combustor.
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Abstract
The present invention provides methods and system for power generation using a high efficiency combustor in combination with a CO2 circulating fluid. The methods and systems advantageously can make use of a low pressure ratio power turbine and an economizer heat exchanger in specific embodiments. Additional low grade heat from an external source can be used to provide part of an amount of heat needed for heating the recycle CO2 circulating fluid. Fuel derived CO2 can be captured and delivered at pipeline pressure. Other impurities can be captured.
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Citations
107 Claims
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1. A method of power generation comprising:
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introducing a fuel, O2, and a CO2 circulating fluid into a combustor, the CO2 being introduced at a pressure of at least about 12 MPa and a temperature of at least about 400°
C.;combusting the fuel to provide a combustion product stream comprising CO2, the combustion product stream having a temperature of at least about 800°
C.;expanding the combustion product stream across a turbine to generate power, the turbine having an inlet for receiving the combustion product stream and an outlet for release of a turbine discharge stream comprising CO2, wherein the pressure ratio of the combustion product stream at the inlet compared to the turbine discharge stream at the outlet is less than about 12; withdrawing heat from the turbine discharge stream by passing the turbine discharge stream through a primary heat exchange unit to provide a cooled turbine discharge stream; removing from the cooled turbine discharge stream one or more secondary components that are present in the cooled turbine discharge stream in addition to CO2 to provide a purified, cooled turbine discharge stream; compressing the purified, cooled turbine discharge stream with a first compressor to a pressure above the CO2 critical pressure to provide a supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream; cooling the supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream to a temperature where its density is at least about 200 kg/m3; passing the supercritical, high density CO2 circulating fluid through a second compressor to pressurize the CO2 circulating fluid to the pressure required for input to the combustor; passing the supercritical, high density, high pressure CO2 circulating fluid through the same primary heat exchange unit such that the withdrawn heat is used to increase the temperature of the CO2 circulating fluid; supplying an additional quantity of heat to the supercritical, high density, high pressure CO2 circulating fluid so that the difference between the temperature of the CO2 circulating fluid exiting the primary heat exchange unit for recycle to the combustor and the temperature of the turbine discharge stream is less than about 50°
C.; andrecycling the heated, supercritical, high density CO2 circulating fluid into the combustor. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58)
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15. The method of clam 14, wherein the filter reduces the residual amount of incombustible component to less than about 2 mg/m3 of the partially oxidized combustion product.
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59. A method of power generation comprising:
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introducing a carbon containing fuel, O2, and a CO2 circulating fluid into a transpiration cooled combustor, the CO2 being introduced at a pressure of at least about 8 MPa and a temperature of at least about 200°
C.;combusting the fuel to provide a combustion product stream comprising CO2, the combustion product stream having a temperature of at least about 800°
C.; andexpanding the combustion product stream across a turbine to generate power, the turbine having an inlet for receiving the combustion product stream and an outlet for release of a turbine discharge stream comprising CO2, wherein the pressure ratio of the combustion product stream at the inlet compared to the turbine discharge stream at the outlet is less than about 12. - View Dependent Claims (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88)
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89. A power generation system comprising:
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a transpiration cooled combustor configured for receiving a fuel, O2, and a CO2 circulating fluid stream, and having at least one combustion stage that combusts the fuel in the presence of the CO2 circulating fluid and provides a combustion product stream comprising CO2 at a pressure of at least about 8 MPa and a temperature of at least about 800°
C.;a primary power production turbine in fluid communication with the combustor, the primary turbine having an inlet for receiving the combustion product stream and an outlet for release of a turbine discharge stream comprising CO2, the primary turbine being adapted to control pressure drop such that the ratio of the pressure of the combustion product stream at the inlet compared to the turbine discharge stream at the outlet is less than about 12; a primary heat exchange unit in fluid communication with the primary turbine for receiving the turbine discharge stream and transferring heat therefrom to the CO2 circulating fluid stream; and at least one compressor in fluid communication with the at least one heat exchanger for pressurizing the CO2 circulating fluid stream. - View Dependent Claims (90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107)
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Specification