SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SAFE WELL CONTROL OPERATIONS
First Claim
1. A system (10) for controlling a well being drilled into a subterranean formation (14), said system comprising,a tubular drill string (20) having a lower end (22) extending into a borehole 2 and an upper end (24), said tubular drill string having a drill bit (26) at its lower end,a drill string turning device (38) arranged and designed to turn said drill bit in said borehole in which a borehole annulus (18) is defined between an outer diameter of said tubular drill string and an inner diameter of said borehole,a blow-out preventer (32) arranged and designed to close said borehole from atmosphere only at a time when said drill bit is stationary,a fluid pump (40) in fluid communication with a surface fluid reservoir (42),a choke line (56) coupled between said borehole annulus and said surface fluid reservoir and arranged and designed to permit fluid communication therebetween when said blow-out preventer closes said borehole from atmosphere,a fluid injection line (48) extending between said fluid pump and said upper end of said drill string, said fluid injection line capable of providing fluid communication therebetween,said fluid injection line, said drill string, said borehole annulus and said choke line defining a fluid pathway when said blow-out preventer closes said borehole from atmosphere,an outlet flow rate measurement device (50) disposed in said choke line, said outlet flow rate measurement device arranged and designed to measure flow rate through said choke line and to generate a signal Fout(t) representative of actual choke line flow rate as a function of time (t),an outlet pressure measurement device (64) disposed in said choke line, said outlet pressure measurement device arranged and designed to measure choke line pressure and to generate a signal Pout(t) representative of actual choke line pressure as a function of time (t),a central control unit (80) arranged and designed, while said borehole is closed from atmosphere by said blow-out preventer,to receive said signals Fout(t) and Pout(t),to determine a formation fracture pressure as a function of said signals Fout(t) and Pout(t),to determine a formation pore pressure as a function of said signals Fout(t) and Pout(t),to generate a signal Pann(t) representative of pressure at a desired well bore depth as a function of time (t),to generate a signal FC(t) representative of choke line flow rate required as a function of time (t) to maintain said signal Pann(t) below said formation fracture pressure and above said formation pore pressure, andto transmit said signal FC(t), anda flow control device (70) disposed in said choke line, said flow control device arranged and designed to control fluid flow therethrough in response to said signal FC(t) transmitted and received from said central control unit, thereby controlling choke line flow ate to maintain said signal Pann(t) below said formation fracture pressure and above said formation pore pressure.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
A system and method for safely controlling a well being drilled or that has been drilled into a subterranean formation in which a conventional blow-out preventer operates to close the well bore to atmosphere upon the detection of a fluid influx event. Fluid pressures as well as fluid flow rates into and out of the well bore are measured and monitored to more accurately and confidently determine the fracture pressure and pore pressure of the formation and perform well control operations in response to a fluid influx event. During a suspected fluid influx event, one or more of the fluid flow and pressure measurements are used to confirm the fluid influx event and to safely regain well control by circulating the fluid influx out of the well through a choke line while maintaining the pressure inside the well between specified, selected limits, such as between the fracture and pore pressures.
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Citations
40 Claims
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1. A system (10) for controlling a well being drilled into a subterranean formation (14), said system comprising,
a tubular drill string (20) having a lower end (22) extending into a borehole 2 and an upper end (24), said tubular drill string having a drill bit (26) at its lower end, a drill string turning device (38) arranged and designed to turn said drill bit in said borehole in which a borehole annulus (18) is defined between an outer diameter of said tubular drill string and an inner diameter of said borehole, a blow-out preventer (32) arranged and designed to close said borehole from atmosphere only at a time when said drill bit is stationary, a fluid pump (40) in fluid communication with a surface fluid reservoir (42), a choke line (56) coupled between said borehole annulus and said surface fluid reservoir and arranged and designed to permit fluid communication therebetween when said blow-out preventer closes said borehole from atmosphere, a fluid injection line (48) extending between said fluid pump and said upper end of said drill string, said fluid injection line capable of providing fluid communication therebetween, said fluid injection line, said drill string, said borehole annulus and said choke line defining a fluid pathway when said blow-out preventer closes said borehole from atmosphere, an outlet flow rate measurement device (50) disposed in said choke line, said outlet flow rate measurement device arranged and designed to measure flow rate through said choke line and to generate a signal Fout(t) representative of actual choke line flow rate as a function of time (t), an outlet pressure measurement device (64) disposed in said choke line, said outlet pressure measurement device arranged and designed to measure choke line pressure and to generate a signal Pout(t) representative of actual choke line pressure as a function of time (t), a central control unit (80) arranged and designed, while said borehole is closed from atmosphere by said blow-out preventer, to receive said signals Fout(t) and Pout(t), to determine a formation fracture pressure as a function of said signals Fout(t) and Pout(t), to determine a formation pore pressure as a function of said signals Fout(t) and Pout(t), to generate a signal Pann(t) representative of pressure at a desired well bore depth as a function of time (t), to generate a signal FC(t) representative of choke line flow rate required as a function of time (t) to maintain said signal Pann(t) below said formation fracture pressure and above said formation pore pressure, and to transmit said signal FC(t), and a flow control device (70) disposed in said choke line, said flow control device arranged and designed to control fluid flow therethrough in response to said signal FC(t) transmitted and received from said central control unit, thereby controlling choke line flow ate to maintain said signal Pann(t) below said formation fracture pressure and above said formation pore pressure.
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16. A well control system comprising,
a blow-out preventer (32) arranged and designed to close a well bore annulus (18) from atmosphere only at a time when drilling is ceased, a choke line (56) coupled between said well bore annulus and a surface fluid reservoir (42), an outlet flow rate measurement device (50) disposed in said choke line, said outlet flow rate measurement device arranged and designed to measure flow rate through said choke line and to generate a signal Fout(t) representative of actual choke line flow rate as a function of time (t), a central control unit arranged and designed, while said blow-out preventer closes said well bore annulus from atmosphere, to receive said signal Fout(t), to generate a signal Pann(t) representative of pressure at a desired well bore depth as a function of time (t) and to generate and transmit a signal FC(t) representative of choke line pressure required as a function of time (t) to drive said signal Pann(t) toward a desired value, and a flow control device (70) disposed in said choke line, said flow control device responsive to said signal FC(t) and arranged and designed to control fluid flow therethrough, thereby controlling choke line pressure to drive said signal Pann(t) toward said desired value.
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24. A method for controlling a well being drilled into a subterranean formation 14, said method comprising the steps of,
turning a tubular drill string (20) that extends into a borehole (12), said tubular drill string having an upper end (24) and a lower end (22) and a drill bit (26) disposed at said lower end, stopping said turning of said tubular drill string when a fluid influx is detected entering said borehole, closing a blow-out preventer (32), said blow-out preventer arranged and designed to close said borehole from atmosphere only at a time when said drill bit is stationary, operating a fluid pump (40) to pump a fluid from a surface fluid reservoir (42) through a fluid injection line (48), into and through said tubular drill string, out said drill bit and into a borehole annulus (18), said borehole annulus created between an outer diameter of said tubular drill string and an inner diameter of said borehole by said turning of said drill string and said drill bit in said borehole, operating a flow control device (70) disposed in a choke line (56), said choke line coupled between said borehole annulus and said surface fluid reservoir and arranged and designed to permit fluid communication therebetween in cooperation with said flow control device while said blow-out preventer closes said borehole from atmosphere, said fluid injection line, said tubular drill string, said borehole annulus, and said choke line defining a fluid flow path through said borehole, measuring actual outlet flow rate of fluid flowing through said choke line while said borehole is closed from atmosphere using an outlet flow measurement device (50) disposed in said choke line and arranged and designed to generate a signal Fout(t) representative of actual choke line fluid flow rate as a function of time (t), measuring actual outlet pressure in said choke line while said borehole is closed from atmosphere using an outlet pressure measurement device (64) disposed in said choke line and arranged and designed to generate a signal Pout(t) representative of actual choke line pressure as a function of time (t), transmitting said actual outlet flow rate signal Fout(t) and said actual outlet pressure signal Pout(t) to a central control unit (80), said central control unit arranged and designed to receive said signals, to determine a formation fracture pressure, to determine a formation pore pressure, to generate a signal Pann(t) representative of pressure at a well bore depth as a function of time (t), and to generate a signal FC(t) representative of choke line flow rate required as a function of time (t) to maintain said signal Pann(t) below said formation fracture pressure and above said formation pore pressure, receiving said signal Fout(t) and said signal Pout(t) in said central control unit, using said central control unit to determine said formation fracture pressure as a function of said signals Fout(t) and Pout(t), using said central control unit to determine said formation pore pressure as a function of said signals Fout(t) and Pout(t), using said central control unit to generate said signal Pann(t). using said central control unit to generate said signal FC(t), transmitting said signal FC(t) to said flow control device, said flow control device arranged and designed to receive said signal FC(t), receiving said signal FC(t) in said flow control device, said flow control device further arranged and designed to control fluid flow through said choke line in response to said signal FC(t), and adjusting said flow control device in response to said signal FC(t) to control choke line fluid flow rate to maintain said signal Pann(t) below said formation fracture pressure and above said formation pore pressure.
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33. In a well control system comprising,
a blow-out preventer (32) arranged and designed to close a well bore annulus (18) of a well 12 from atmosphere only at a time when drilling is ceased, a choke line (56) coupled between said well bore annulus and a surface fluid reservoir (42), an outlet flow rate measurement device (50) disposed in said choke line, said outlet flow rate measurement device arranged and designed to measure flow rate through said choke line and to generate a signal Fout(t) representative of actual choke line flow rate as a function of time (t), an outlet pressure measurement device (64) disposed in said choke line, said outlet pressure measurement device arranged and designed to measure choke line pressure and to generate a signal Pout(t) representative of actual choke line pressure as a function of time (t), a fluid pump (40) in fluid communication with said surface fluid reservoir (42), an inlet flow rate measurement device (52) disposed in an inlet line (48, 50) coupled between said fluid pump (40) and said well bore annulus, said inlet flow rate measurement device arranged and designed to measure fluid flow rate through said inlet line and to generate a signal Fin(t) representative of actual inlet line flow rate as a function of time (t), and a flow control device (70) disposed in said choke line and arranged and designed to control fluid flow rate through said choke line, a well control method comprising the steps of, closing said blow-out preventer in response to a fluid influx event, permitting pressure in said well to stabilize while ceasing fluid circulation via said fluid pump and controlling said flow control device to permit no fluid flow therethrough, operating said fluid pump to circulate fluid through said inlet line, said well bore annulus and said choke line, ascertaining a hydrostatic condition of said well by monitoring at least said signal Fout(t) while controlling said flow control device to permit incremental increases in fluid flow rate therethrough, permitting said well to achieve steady state after each incremental increase, and confirming said fluid influx event when said signal Fout(t) remains greater than said signal Fin(t) after steady state is achieved following an incremental increase in fluid flow rate.
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39. In a well control system comprising,
a blow-out preventer (32) arranged and designed to close a well bore annulus (18) of a well 12 from atmosphere only at a time when drilling is ceased, a choke line (56) coupled between said well bore annulus and a surface fluid reservoir (42), an outlet flow rate measurement device (50) disposed in said choke line, said outlet flow rate measurement device arranged and designed to measure flow rate through said choke line and to generate a signal Fout(t) representative of actual choke line flow rate as a function of time (t), a fluid pump (40) in fluid communication with said surface fluid reservoir (42), and a flow control device (70) disposed in said choke line and arranged and designed to control fluid flow rate through said choke line, a method of simulation comprising the steps of, implementing simulated well conditions characteristic of a well control event, permitting rig crew to perform well control procedures upon said well control system, and reviewing rig data obtained after rig crew performance of said well control procedures.
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40. A well control system comprising,
a blow-out preventer (32) arranged and designed to close a well bore annulus (18) of a well 12 from atmosphere only at a time when drilling is ceased, a choke line (56) coupled between said well bore annulus and a surface fluid reservoir (42), an outlet flow rate measurement device (50) disposed in said choke line, said outlet flow rate measurement device arranged and designed to measure flow rate through said choke line and to generate a signal Fout(t) representative of actual choke line flow rate as a function of time (t), a fluid pump (40) in fluid communication with said surface fluid reservoir (42), and a flow control device (70) disposed in said choke line and arranged and designed to control fluid flow rate through said choke line.
Specification