Efficient Power Conversion for Ultra Low Voltage Micro Scale Energy Transducers
First Claim
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1. An energy harvesting system for a micro-scale electronic device, the system comprising:
- an energy transducer configured to produce electrical energy, the energy transducer having an output configured to supply a first voltage;
an energy storage device configured to store electrical energy; and
a power converter configured to transfer electrical energy from the transducer to the energy storage device, the power converter including a charge pump coupled between the energy transducer and the energy storage device and a control unit configured to control operation of the charge pump, the charge pump including a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage, each of the first and second stages having an output and at least one input coupled to the output of the transducer so that the transducer supplies the first voltage to the at least one input of the first and second stages, the first and second stages of the charge pump providing second and third voltages at their outputs, respectively, the second and third voltages being greater than the first voltage, the outputs of the first and second stages being coupled to first and second inputs of the third stage of the charge pump and an output of the third stage supplying a fourth voltage to the energy storage device, the fourth voltage being greater than the second and third voltages.
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Abstract
A power converter is provided for an energy harvesting system of a micro-scale electronic device. The power converter is configured to transfer electrical energy from an energy transducer to an energy storage device. The power converter illustratively includes a tree topology charge pump.
22 Citations
20 Claims
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1. An energy harvesting system for a micro-scale electronic device, the system comprising:
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an energy transducer configured to produce electrical energy, the energy transducer having an output configured to supply a first voltage; an energy storage device configured to store electrical energy; and a power converter configured to transfer electrical energy from the transducer to the energy storage device, the power converter including a charge pump coupled between the energy transducer and the energy storage device and a control unit configured to control operation of the charge pump, the charge pump including a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage, each of the first and second stages having an output and at least one input coupled to the output of the transducer so that the transducer supplies the first voltage to the at least one input of the first and second stages, the first and second stages of the charge pump providing second and third voltages at their outputs, respectively, the second and third voltages being greater than the first voltage, the outputs of the first and second stages being coupled to first and second inputs of the third stage of the charge pump and an output of the third stage supplying a fourth voltage to the energy storage device, the fourth voltage being greater than the second and third voltages. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A power converter for an energy harvesting system of a micro-scale electronic device, the power converter being configured to transfer electrical energy from an energy transducer to an energy storage device, the power converter comprising:
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a control unit configured to provide at least one clocking signal; and a charge pump coupled to the control unit, the charge pump including a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage; the first stage of the charge pump including first and second inputs, the first input of the first stage being coupled to a first plate of a first capacitor through a first switch, and the second input of the first stage being coupled to a second, opposite plate of the first capacitor through a second switch, the first plate of the first capacitor also being coupled to a third switch which is also coupled to an output of the first stage; the second stage of the charge pump including first and second inputs, the first input of the second stage being coupled to a first plate of a second capacitor through a fourth switch, and the second input of the second stage being coupled to a second, opposite plate of the second capacitor through a fifth switch, the first plate of the second capacitor also being coupled to a sixth switch which is also coupled to an output of the second stage; the third stage of the charge pump including first and second inputs, the first input of the third stage being coupled to a first plate of a third capacitor, and the second input of the third stage being coupled to a second, opposite plate of the third capacitor, the first plate of the third capacitor also being coupled to a seventh switch which is also coupled to an output of the third stage; and
whereinan output from the energy transducer is coupled to the first and second inputs of the first and second stages of the charge pump and the outputs of the first and second stages are coupled to the first and second inputs, respectively, of the third stage of the charge pump, an output of the third stage being coupled to the energy storage device, and wherein the at least one clocking signal from the control unit is coupled to the first, second third, fourth, fifth, and sixth switches to control operation of the charge pump so that voltages at the outputs of the first and second stages are greater than the voltage supplied by the energy transducer and a voltage at the output of the third stage is greater than the voltages at the outputs of the first and second stages. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18)
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19. A method for supplying power from an energy transducer to an energy storage device, the method comprising:
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providing a charge pump including a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage; supplying a voltage source from the energy transducer to at least one input of the first and second stages of the charge pump; increasing the voltage received from the voltage source in the first and second stages of the charge pump in parallel; supplying output voltages from the first and second stages to first and second inputs of the third stage of the charge pump; increasing the voltage in the third stage compared to the output voltages of the first and second stages; and supplying the increased voltage from the third stage to the energy storage device. - View Dependent Claims (20)
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Specification