METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ENHANCING CONTAMINANT REMOVAL BY RARE EARTHS
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A method, comprising:
- (a) receiving a feed stream comprising a target material and an interferer, the target material and interferer being different;
(b) contacting the feed stream with an upstream treatment element to remove at least most of the interferer while leaving at least most of the target material in an intermediate feed stream; and
(c) thereafter contacting the feed stream with a downstream treatment element to remove at least most of the target material, wherein the interferer interferes with removal of the target material by the downstream treatment element, wherein the upstream treatment element is one of a rare earth-containing treatment element and a non-rare earth-containing treatment element, and wherein the downstream treatment element is the other of a rare earth-containing treatment element and a non-rare earth-containing treatment element.
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Abstract
Embodiments are provided for removing a variety of contaminants using both rare earth and non-rare earth-containing treatment elements.
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Citations
39 Claims
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1. A method, comprising:
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(a) receiving a feed stream comprising a target material and an interferer, the target material and interferer being different; (b) contacting the feed stream with an upstream treatment element to remove at least most of the interferer while leaving at least most of the target material in an intermediate feed stream; and (c) thereafter contacting the feed stream with a downstream treatment element to remove at least most of the target material, wherein the interferer interferes with removal of the target material by the downstream treatment element, wherein the upstream treatment element is one of a rare earth-containing treatment element and a non-rare earth-containing treatment element, and wherein the downstream treatment element is the other of a rare earth-containing treatment element and a non-rare earth-containing treatment element. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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28. A system, comprising:
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(a) in input to receive a feed stream comprising a target material and an interferer, the target material and interferer being different; (b) an upstream treatment element to remove from the feed stream at least most of the interferer while leaving at least most of the target material in an intermediate feed stream; and (c) a downstream treatment element to remove from the intermediate feed stream at least most of the target material, wherein the interferer interferes with removal of the target material by the downstream treatment element, wherein the upstream treatment element is one of a rare earth-containing treatment element and a non-rare earth-containing treatment element, and wherein the downstream treatment element is the other of a rare earth-containing treatment element and a non-rare earth-containing treatment element. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30)
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31. A method, comprising:
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(a) receiving a feed stream comprising a target material, the target material being at a first pH and first temperature; (b) contacting the feed stream with a non-rare earth-containing treatment element to remove at least a first portion of the target material to form an intermediate feed stream having a lower target material concentration than the feed stream; and (c) contacting the intermediate feed stream with a rare earth-containing treatment element to remove at least a second portion of the target material to form a treated feed stream. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33)
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34. A method, comprising:
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(a) receiving a feed stream comprising a target material; (b) contacting the feed stream with a rare earth-containing treatment element to remove at least a first portion of the target material to form an intermediate feed stream having a lower target material concentration than the feed stream; (b) contacting the intermediate feed stream with a non-rare earth-containing treatment element to remove at least a second portion of the target material to form a treated feed stream. - View Dependent Claims (35)
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36. A method, comprising:
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(a) receiving a feed stream comprising first and second target materials, the first and second target materials being at least one of a biological material and a microbe; (b) treating, by a chlorine dioxide process, the feed stream to remove at least most of the first target material and form an intermediate stream; and (c) treating, by a rare earth-containing treatment element, the intermediate stream to remove at least most of the second target material, the first and second target materials being different and the second target material being one or both of Escherichia coli and a rotovirus.
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37. A method, comprising:
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(a) receiving a feed stream comprising at least one of a carbonate and bicarbonate; (b) contacting the feed stream with a cerium(IV) compound to remove at least a portion of the at least one of the carbonate and bicarbonate and form a treated stream. - View Dependent Claims (38, 39)
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Specification