VEHICLE BATTERY TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD

• US 20120003510A1
• Filed: 06/30/2010
• Published: 01/05/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2010
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Nissan North America Incorporated (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Nissan Technical Center North America Incorporated (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: EISENHOUR, Ronald S.
• Application Number:
  US12/828,149
• Publication Number:
  US 20120003510A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/50
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/613 Cooling or keeping cold
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/625 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/63 Control systems charging or discharging in response to temperature H01M10/44 , H01M10/443; measurement of temperature H01M10/48 , H01M10/486
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6568 characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6569 Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation heat pipes H01M10/6552
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6572 Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/663 the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A vehicle battery temperature control system includes a battery, a housing and a heat exchanger. The battery is operable to discharge thermal energy, and has a heat sink configured to transfer the thermal energy from the battery. The housing has a chamber that is configured to receive the battery and contain a saturated liquid coolant that substantially immerses the heat sink so that the coolant receives the thermal energy from operation of the battery to cause a phase change of the coolant from a liquid phase to a vapor phase. The heat exchanger is configured to receive vapor phase coolant from the chamber and remove thermal energy from the vapor phase coolant to change the coolant from the vapor phase to the liquid phase, and is further configured to return the liquid phase coolant to the chamber.

Claims

1. A vehicle battery temperature control system comprising:

a battery operable to discharge thermal energy, the battery having a heat sink configured to transfer the thermal energy therefrom;

a housing having a chamber formed therein that is configured to receive the battery and contain a saturated liquid coolant that substantially immerses the heat sink so that the coolant receives the thermal energy from operation of the battery to cause a phase change of the coolant from a liquid phase to a vapor phase; and

a heat exchanger configured to receive vapor phase coolant from the chamber and remove thermal energy from the vapor phase coolant to change the coolant from the vapor phase to the liquid phase, and being further configured to return the liquid phase coolant to the chamber.

2. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1, further comprising

a sensor operable to detect when a characteristic of the vapor phase coolant is above a threshold, and to signal operation of a fan that increases the removal of thermal energy by the heat exchanger when the characteristic is above the threshold.

3. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 2, wherein

the sensor includes a temperature sensor operable to sense a temperature of the vapor phase coolant as the characteristic.

4. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 2, wherein

the sensor includes a pressure sensor operable to sense a pressure in the chamber as the characteristic.

5. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1, further comprising

an insulation member configured to substantially enclose the housing.

6. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 wherein

the chamber is configured such that the saturated liquid coolant in the chamber completely immerses the heat sink.

7. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 wherein

the heat exchanger is positioned substantially above a level of the liquid coolant in the chamber.

8. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 wherein

the heat exchanger includes a condenser fluidly coupled to receive the vapor phase coolant, the condenser being operable to remove heat from the vapor phase coolant to create the liquid phase coolant, and being fluidly coupled to return the liquid phase coolant to the chamber.

9. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 wherein

the heat exchanger includes a thermoelectric device assembly.

10. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 9 wherein

the thermoelectric device assembly includes a first plurality of cooling fins formed on a first side and extending into an upper end of the chamber.

11. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 10 wherein

the thermoelectric device assembly further includes a second plurality of cooling fins formed on a second side opposite to the first side.

12. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 10 wherein

the thermoelectric device assembly further includes a heat exchanger disposed on a second side opposite to the first side.

13. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 wherein

the saturated liquid coolant includes one of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene.

14. A vehicle battery temperature control method comprising:

operating a battery having a heat sink and disposed in a chamber of a housing containing a saturated liquid coolant into which the battery is immersed, so that the heat sink transfers thermal energy from the battery to the coolant to cause a phase change of the coolant from a liquid phase to a vapor phase;

operating a heat exchanger to receive vapor phase coolant from the chamber and remove thermal energy from the vapor phase coolant to change the coolant from the vapor phase to the liquid phase; and

operating the heat exchanger to return the liquid phase coolant to the chamber.

15. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 14, further comprising

detecting when a characteristic of the vapor phase coolant is above a threshold;

and

operating a fan to increase the removal of thermal energy by the heat exchanger when the characteristic is detected as being above the threshold.

16. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 15, wherein

the detecting includes operating a temperature sensor to sense a temperature of the vapor phase coolant as the characteristic.

17. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 15, wherein

the detecting includes operating a pressure sensor to sense a pressure in the chamber as the characteristic.

18. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 14 wherein the heat exchanger operating includes

operating the heat exchanger that is positioned substantially above a level of the liquid coolant in the chamber to receive the vapor phase coolant from above the level of the liquid.

19. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 14 wherein the heat exchanger operating includes

operating a condenser of the heat exchanger to receive the vapor phase coolant and remove heat from the vapor phase coolant to create the liquid phase coolant;

and

operating the condenser to return the liquid phase coolant to the chamber.

20. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 14 wherein the heat exchanger operating includes

operating a thermoelectric device assembly of the heat exchanger to receive the vapor phase coolant and remove heat from the vapor phase coolant to create the liquid phase coolant, and to return the liquid phase coolant to the chamber.