POWER SOURCE SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWERED VEHICLE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR

• US 20120013182A1
• Filed: 04/23/2009
• Published: 01/19/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Minegishi, Shinichiro, Yoshimi, I, Masashi
• Granted Patent: US 8,681,457 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 307/9.1
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/02 comprising more than one electric motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/365 with the gears having orbital motion
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/445 Differential gearing distribution type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/14 Boost converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/14 Synchronous machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/003 relating to inverters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0069 relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0092 with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/18 of two or more battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/10 Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 47/002 Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

Relays are inserted and connected between a battery and a boosting converter, and other relays are inserted and connected between another battery and another boosting converter. A controller outputs control signals that control opening/closing of the relays. When short-circuit of a switching element occurs in the boosting converters, the controller controls turning-off of the relays such that at least one of order and timing of turning off the relays is changed depending on which of the switching elements is short-circuited.

Claims

1. A power source system for an electric powered vehicle mounting a motor generating power for driving the vehicle, comprising;

a power storage device;

a power line supplying power to an inverter controlling driving of said motor;

a voltage converter formed to include a plurality of switching elements, performing bi-directional voltage conversion between said power storage device and said power line, through on/off control of said plurality of switching elements;

a plurality of switches connected between positive and negative electrodes of said power storage device and said voltage converter, respectively,

each of said switches being formed to have a first current direction in which cutting of current is relatively easy and a second current direction in which cutting of current is relatively difficult; and

a controller controlling on/off of said plurality of switches;

wherein

said controller controls turning-off of said plurality of switches such that at least one of order and timing of turning off said plurality of switches is changed depending on which of said plurality of switching elements is short-circuited, when short-circuit occurs in said voltage converter while each of said switches is in a conductive state.

2. The power source system for an electric powered vehicle according to claim 1, wherein

said power storage device includes a main power storage unit and a sub power storage unit;

said voltage converter includes

a main voltage converter connected between said main power storage unit and said power supply line, and

a sub voltage converter connected between said sub power storage unit and said power line;

said plurality of switches include

a first switch inserted and connected between a positive electrode of said main power storage unit and said main voltage converter,

a second switch inserted and connected between a negative electrode of said main power storage unit and said main voltage converter,

a third switch inserted and connected between a positive electrode of said sub power storage unit and said sub voltage converter, and

a fourth switch inserted and connected between a negative electrode of said sub power storage unit and said sub voltage converter; and

said first and third switches are inserted and connected such that direction of a current output from said positive electrode is one of said first and second current directions, and said second and fourth switches are inserted and connected such that direction of a current input to said negative electrode is said one of said first and second current directions.

3. The power source system for an electric powered vehicle according to claim 2, wherein

said main voltage converter includes

a first switching element electrically connected between a first node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said main power storage unit through said first switch and the power line, and

a second switching element electrically connected between a ground line electrically connected to a negative electrode of said main power storage unit through said second switch and said first node;

said sub voltage converter includes

a third switching element electrically connected between a second node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said sub power storage unit through said third switch and the power line, and

a fourth switching element electrically connected between said ground line electrically connected to the negative electrode of said sub power storage unit through said fourth switch and said second node; and

said controller controls turning-off of said first to fourth switches such that when short-circuit occurs in said first or third switching element, of the switches included in a short-circuit path, the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said first current direction is turned off first and after the turn-off, the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said second current direction is turned off.

4. The power source system for an electric powered vehicle according to claim 2, further comprising:

a first fuse element formed to be blown off when an excess current of said main power storage unit passes; and

a second fuse element formed to be blown off when an excess current of said sub power storage unit passes;

wherein

said main voltage converter includes

a first switching element electrically connected between a first node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said main power storage unit through said first switch and the power line, and

a second switching element electrically connected between a ground line electrically connected to a negative electrode of said main power storage unit through said second switch and said first node;

said sub voltage converter includes

a third switching element electrically connected between a second node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said sub power storage unit through said third switch and the power line, and

a fourth switching element electrically connected between said ground line electrically connected to the negative electrode of said sub power storage unit through said fourth switch and said second node; and

said controller controls turning-off of said first to fourth switches such that when short-circuit occurs in said second or fourth switching element, the switches included in a short-circuit path are kept on until a prescribed time period passes after occurrence of said short-circuit, and turned off after the lapse of said prescribed time period.

5. The power source system for an electric powered vehicle according to claim 4, wherein

said prescribed time period is determined in advance corresponding to a time period until each of said fuse elements is blown off by an upper limit current that can be cut off by each of said switches.

6. The power source system for an electric powered vehicle according to claim 1, wherein

said power storage device is formed of a single power storage unit;

said plurality of switches include

a first switch inserted and connected between the positive electrode of said power storage unit and said voltage converter, and

a second switch inserted and connected between the negative electrode of said power storage unit and said voltage converter; and

said first switch is inserted and connected such that direction of a current output from said positive electrode is one of said first and second current directions, and said second switch is inserted and connected such that direction of a current input to said negative electrode is the other of said first and second current directions.

7. The power source system for an electric powered vehicle according to claim 6, wherein

said voltage converter includes

a first switching element electrically connected between a first node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said power storage unit through said first switch and the power line, and

a second switching element lectrically connected between a ground line electrically connected to a negative electrode of said power storage unit through said second switch and said first node;

and

said controller controls turning-off of said first and second switches such that when short-circuit occurs in said first or second switching element, the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said first current direction is turned off first and after the turn-off, the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said second current direction is turned off.

8. The power source system for an electric powered vehicle according to claim 1, wherein

said power storage device includes a plurality of power storage units;

said voltage converter is provided between each of said plurality of power storage units and said power line;

said plurality of switches include

a plurality of positive electrode side switches each inserted and connected between the positive electrode of each of said power storage units and said voltage converter corresponding to the power storage unit, and

a plurality of negative electrode side switches each inserted and connected between the negative electrode of each of said power storage units and said voltage converter corresponding to the power storage unit;

said voltage converter includes

a first switching element electrically connected between a first node electrically connected to the positive electrode of corresponding said power storage unit through corresponding said positive electrode side switch and the power line, and

a second switching element electrically connected between a ground line electrically connected to the negative electrode of corresponding said power storage unit through corresponding said negative electrode side switch and said first node;

each said positive electrode side switch is inserted and connected such that direction of a current output from said positive electrode is one of said first and second current directions, and each said negative electrode side switch is inserted and connected such that direction of a current input to said negative electrode is said one of said first and second current directions; and

said controller controls turning-off of said plurality of positive electrode side switches and said plurality of negative electrode side switches such that when short-circuit occurs in said first switching element, of the switches included in a short-circuit path, the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said first current direction is turned off first and after the turn-off, the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said second current direction is turned off, and when short-circuit occurs in said second switching element, the switches included in a short-circuit path are kept on until a prescribed time period passes after occurrence of said short-circuit, and turned off after the lapse of said prescribed time period.

9. A method of controlling a power source system of an electric powered vehicle mounting a motor generating power for driving the vehicle, wherein

said power source system includes

a power storage device;

a power line supplying power to an inverter controlling driving of said motor;

a voltage converter formed to include a plurality of switching elements, performing bi-directional voltage conversion between said power storage device and said power line, through on/off control of said plurality of switching elements; and

a plurality of switches connected between positive and negative electrodes of said power storage device and said voltage converter, respectively,

each of said switches being formed to have a first current direction in which cutting of current is relatively easy and a second current direction in which cutting of current is relatively difficult;

said control method comprising the steps of;

discriminating, when short-circuit occurs in said voltage converter while each of said switches is in a conductive state, which of said plurality of switching elements is short-circuited; and

controlling turning-off of said plurality of switches such that at least one of order and timing of turning off said plurality of switches is changed depending on which of said plurality of switching elements is short-circuited.

10. The method of controlling a power source system of an electric powered vehicle according to claim 9, wherein

said power storage device includes a main power storage unit and a sub power storage unit;

said voltage converter includes

a main voltage converter connected between said main power storage unit and said power line, and

a sub voltage converter connected between said sub power storage unit and said power line;

said plurality of switches include

a first switch inserted and connected between a positive electrode of said main power storage unit and said main voltage converter,

a second switch inserted and connected between a negative electrode of said main power storage unit and said main voltage converter,

a third switch inserted and connected between a positive electrode of said sub power storage unit and said sub voltage converter, and

a fourth switch inserted and connected between a negative electrode of said sub power storage unit and said sub voltage converter; and

said first and third switches are inserted and connected such that direction of a current output from said positive electrode is one of said first and second current directions, and said second and fourth switches are inserted and connected such that direction of a current input to said negative electrode is said one of said first and second current directions.

11. The method of controlling a power source system of an electric powered vehicle according to claim 10, wherein

said main voltage converter includes

a first switching element electrically connected between a first node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said main power storage unit through said first switch and the power line, and

a second switching element electrically connected between a ground line electrically connected to a negative electrode of said main power storage unit through said second switch and said first node;

said sub voltage converter includes

a third switching element electrically connected between a second node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said sub power storage unit through said third switch and the power line, and

a fourth switching element electrically connected between said ground line electrically connected to the negative electrode of said sub power storage unit through said fourth switch and said second node;

said discriminating step includes

the step of determining in which of said first or third switching element and said second or fourth switching element the short-circuit occurred; and

said step of controlling includes

the step of first turning off, when short-circuit occurs in said first or third switching element, of the switches included in a short-circuit path, the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said first current direction, and

after the turn-off, turning off the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said second current direction.

12. The method of controlling a power source system of an electric powered vehicle according to claim 10, wherein

said power source system further includes

a first fuse element formed to be blown off when an excess current of said main power storage unit passes, and

a second fuse element formed to be blown off when an excess current of said sub power storage unit passes;

said main voltage converter includes

a first switching element electrically connected between a first node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said main power storage unit through said first switch and the power line, and

a second switching element electrically connected between a ground line electrically connected to a negative electrode of said main power storage unit through said second switch and said first node;

said sub voltage converter includes

a third switching element electrically connected between a second node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said sub power storage unit through said third switch and the power line, and

a fourth switching element electrically connected between said ground line electrically connected to the negative electrode of said sub power storage unit through said fourth switch and said second node;

said step of discriminating includes,

the step of determining in which of said first or third switching element and said second or fourth switching element the short-circuit occurred; and

said step of controlling includes,

keeping on the switches included in a short-circuit path until a prescribed time period passes after occurrence of said short-circuit, when short-circuit occurs in said second or fourth switching element and

turning off the switches included in said short-circuit path after the lapse of said prescribed time period.

13. The method of controlling a power source system of an electric powered vehicle according to claim 12, wherein

said prescribed time period is determined in advance corresponding to a time period until each of said fuse elements is blown off by an upper limit current value that can be cut off by each of said switches.

14. The method of controlling a power source system of an electric powered vehicle according to claim 9, wherein

said power storage device is formed of a single power storage unit;

said plurality of switches include

a first switch inserted and connected between the positive electrode of said power storage unit and said voltage converter, and

a second switch inserted and connected between the negative electrode of said power storage unit and said voltage converter; and

said first switch is inserted and connected such that direction of a current output from said positive electrode is one of said first and second current directions, and said second switch is inserted and connected such that direction of a current input to said negative electrode is the other of said first and second current directions.

15. The method of controlling a power source system of an electric powered vehicle according to claim 14, wherein

said voltage converter includes

a first switching element electrically connected between a first node electrically connected to the positive electrode of said power storage unit through said first switch and the power line, and

a second switching element electrically connected between a ground line electrically connected to a negative electrode of said power storage unit through said second switch and said first node;

said step of discriminating includes the step of determining in which of said first and second switching elements the short-circuit has occurred, when short-circuit has occurred in said first or second switching element; and

said controlling step includes the steps of

first turning off the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current as is in said first current direction, and

after the turn-off, turning off the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said second current direction.

16. The method of controlling a power source system of an electric powered vehicle according to claim 9, wherein

said power storage device includes a plurality of power storage units;

said voltage converter is provided between each of said plurality of power storage units and said power line;

said plurality of switches include

a plurality of positive electrode side switches each inserted and connected between the positive electrode of each of said power storage units and said voltage converter corresponding to the power storage unit, and

a plurality of negative electrode side switches each inserted and connected between the negative electrode of each of said power storage units and said voltage converter corresponding to the power storage unit;

said voltage converter includes

a first switching element electrically connected between a first node electrically connected to the positive electrode of corresponding said power storage unit through corresponding said positive electrode side switch and the power line, and

a second switching element electrically connected between a ground line electrically connected to the negative electrode of corresponding said power storage unit through corresponding said negative electrode side switch and said first node;

each said positive electrode side switch is inserted and connected such that direction of a current output from said positive electrode is one of said first and second current directions, and each said negative electrode side switch is inserted and connected such that direction of a current input to said negative electrode is said one of said first and second current directions;

said step of discriminating includes the step of determining in which of said first switching element and said second switching element the short-circuit has occurred; and

said step of controlling includes the steps of,

first turning off the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said first current direction, when the short-circuit has occurred in said first switching element, of the switches included in a short-circuit path,

after the turn-off, turning off the switch of which direction of short-circuit-current is in said second current direction,

keeping on the switches included in a short-circuit path until a prescribed time period passes after occurrence of said short-circuit, when short-circuit occurs in said second switching element, and

turning off the switches included in a short-circuit path after the lapse of said prescribed time period.