Classification of Biological Samples Using Spectroscopic Analysis
First Claim
1. A method of classifying a sample of a biological fluid comprising:
- (a) obtaining a spectrum of the biological fluid in response to excitation of the sample in a specified frequency range; and
(b) applying a multivariate classifier to one or more spectral regions of the spectrum to classify the biological sample into one class in a set of classes, the classes comprising at least two disease states having similar clinical symptoms.
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Abstract
A method and system is described for rapidly classifying a sample of a biological fluid, comprising obtaining a spectrum of the biological fluid in response to excitation of the sample in a specified frequency range, and applying a multivariate classifier to one or more spectral regions of the spectrum to classify the biological sample into one class in a set of classes, the classes comprising at least two disease states having similar clinical symptoms. Methods and systems for developing the classifiers are also described. In one example the classification uses a vibrational spectrometer (5) to provide spectra from serum. The multivariate classifier may run on processor (9) to distinguish between disease states having similar clinical symptoms, such as malaria and cerebral malaria.
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Citations
51 Claims
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1. A method of classifying a sample of a biological fluid comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of the biological fluid in response to excitation of the sample in a specified frequency range; and (b) applying a multivariate classifier to one or more spectral regions of the spectrum to classify the biological sample into one class in a set of classes, the classes comprising at least two disease states having similar clinical symptoms. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 50, 51)
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14. A method of classifying a biological sample comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of the biological sample in response to excitation of the sample in a specified frequency range; and (b) applying a multivariate classifier to the spectrum to classify the biological sample into one class in a set of classes, the classes comprising at least one disease caused by a pathogen.
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15. A method of classifying a sample of a biological fluid comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of the biological fluid in response to excitation of the sample in a specified frequency range; and (b) applying a multivariate classifier to a plurality of spectral regions of the spectrum, wherein the classifier assigns a score for the biological fluid in each of the spectral regions; (c) classifying the biological fluid into one class in a set of classes dependent on the assigned scores, the classes comprising at least one disease state selected from the group consisting of bacterial meningitis, cerebral malaria, mild malaria anaemia, severe malaria anaemia and healthy. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17)
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18. A method of classifying a sample of a biological fluid comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of the biological fluid in response to excitation of the sample in a specified frequency range; and (b) applying a multivariate classifier to a plurality of spectral regions of the spectrum, wherein the classifier assigns a score for the biological fluid in each of the spectral regions; (c) classifying the biological fluid into one class in a set of classes dependent on the assigned scores, the classes comprising i) healthy and ii) early-stage GVHD prior to the presentation of clinical symptoms.
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19. A method of classifying a sample of a biological fluid comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of the biological fluid in response to excitation of the sample in at least one specified frequency range; and (b) applying a multivariate classifier to the at least one frequency range, wherein the classifier assigns one or more scores for the biological fluid in the at least one frequency range; (c) classifying the biological fluid into one class in a set of classes dependent on the assigned scores, the classes comprising i) healthy and ii) meningitis prior to the onset of clinical symptoms.
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20. A method of classifying a sample of a biological fluid comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of the biological fluid in response to excitation of the sample in a specified frequency range; and (b) applying a multivariate classifier to a plurality of spectral regions of the spectrum, wherein the classifier assigns one or more scores for the biological fluid in each of the spectral regions; (c) classifying the biological fluid into one class in a set of classes dependent on the assigned scores, the classes comprising i) healthy and ii) Parkinson'"'"'s disease.
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21. A method for rapidly diagnosing a malarial state of a patient, comprising:
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(a) obtaining a blood sample from the patient; (b) measuring a vibrational spectrum of serum from the blood sample; (c) applying a multivariate classifier to a plurality of spectral regions of the vibrational spectrum, wherein the classifier assigns a score for the patient in each of the spectral regions; (d) classifying the patient into one class in a set of malarial classes dependent on the assigned scores, the set of malarial classes comprising cerebral malaria, mild malaria anaemia, severe malaria anaemia and healthy.
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22. A method of classifying a sample of a biological fluid to assess progression of a disease, the method comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of the biological fluid in response to excitation of the sample in at least one specified frequency range; and (b) applying a multivariate classifier to the at least one frequency range, wherein the classifier assigns one or more scores for the biological fluid in the at least one frequency range; (c) classifying the biological fluid into one class in a set of classes dependent on the assigned scores, the classes comprising different stages of the disease. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25)
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26. A method of determining a multivariate classifier for classifying samples of a biological fluid, comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum in a specified frequency range of each of a plurality of training biological fluid samples in response to excitation of the training fluid samples ; (b) associating a clinical characterisation with each of the spectra, wherein the clinical characterisation is drawn from a set comprising at least two disease states having similar clinical symptoms; (c) performing a multivariate statistical analysis of a plurality of spectral regions of the spectra to identify distinguishing features of the spectra; (d) defining a multivariable classifier that partitions the spectra into a plurality of classes dependent on the distinguishing features; and (e) assessing whether the partitioning of the spectra by the multivariate classifier correlates to the respective clinical characterisations associated with the spectra. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
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37. A method of determining a multivariate classifier for classifying biological samples, comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of each of a plurality of training biological samples in response to excitation of the training samples in a specified frequency range; (b) associating a clinical characterisation with each of the spectra, wherein the clinical characterisation is drawn from a set comprising at least one disease caused by a pathogen; (c) performing a multivariate statistical analysis of the spectra to identify distinguishing features of the spectra; (d) defining a multivariable classifier that partitions the spectra into a plurality of classes dependent on the distinguishing features; and (e) assessing whether the partitioning of the spectra by the multivariate classifier correlates to the respective clinical characterisations associated with the spectra.
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38. A method of determining a multivariate classifier for classifying biological samples dependent on at least one disease, comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of each of a plurality of training biological samples in response to excitation of the training samples in a specified frequency range, the training samples including samples from subjects having the at least one disease; (b) associating a clinical characterisation with each of the spectra; (c) performing a multivariate statistical analysis of the spectra to remove variations in the plurality of training samples due to natural variations in the samples and identify distinguishing features dependent on the at least one disease; (d) defining a multivariable classifier that partitions the spectra into a plurality of classes dependent on the distinguishing features; and (e) assessing whether the partitioning of the spectra by the multivariate classifier correlates to the respective clinical characterisations associated with the spectra.
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39. A method of determining a multivariate classifier for classifying samples of serum, comprising:
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(a) obtaining a spectrum of each of a plurality of training serum samples in response to excitation of the training samples in an infrared specified frequency range, the training samples including samples from subjects having at least one disease state selected from the group consisting of acute bacterial meningitis, cerebral malaria, severe malaria anaemia, mild malaria anaemia and healthy; (b) associating a clinical characterisation with each of the spectra; (c) performing a multivariate analysis of the spectra to remove variations in the plurality of training samples due to natural variations in the samples and identify distinguishing features dependent on the at least one disease; (d) defining a multivariable classifier that partitions the spectra into a plurality of classes dependent on the distinguishing features; and (e) assessing whether the partitioning of the spectra by the multivariate classifier correlates to the respective clinical characterisations associated with the spectra.
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40. A system for classifying a sample of a biological fluid comprising:
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a spectrometer that provides a spectrum of the biological fluid in a specified frequency range; and a processor having a multivariate classifier that in use is applied to one or more spectral regions of the spectrum to classify the biological sample into one class in a set of classes, the classes comprising at least two disease states having similar clinical symptoms. - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49)
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Specification