Hybrid Routing and Forwarding Solution for a Wireless Sensor Network

• US 20120063387A1
• Filed: 09/12/2011
• Published: 03/15/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 09/10/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hedera Terra Technology
• Original Assignee: Hedera Terra Technology
• Inventors: Chen, Weixiang
• Granted Patent: US 8,774,094 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 370/328
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2859 Point-to-point connection between the data network and the subscribers encapsulation H04L12/4633; virtual LANs H04L12/4641; routing of packets H04L45/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2861 Point-to-multipoint connection from the data network to the subscribers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0213 Standardised network management protocols, e.g. simple network management protocol [SNMP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/12 Discovery or management of network topologies
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/02 Topology update or discovery
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/38 for collecting sensor information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/246 Connectivity information discovery

Abstract

A hybrid routing and forwarding solution for a mobile wireless sensor network is provided. This invention allows each node of the wireless sensor network to move in random directions in a three dimensional space. The invention seeks to minimize resource consumption while optimizing routing and forwarding in a wireless sensor network.

Claims

1. A method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network comprising the steps of:

broadcasting by an initiator node of the wireless sensor network, a broadcast packet containing both a quantity of user data, and a quantity of routing advertisement data;

forming a unicast route to the initiator node by a second node based on the quantity of routing advertisement data of the broadcast packet;

receiving the quantity of user data of the broadcast packet by the second node;

propagating the quantity of routing advertisement by the initiator node on an as-needed basis, wherein the quantity of routing advertisement data is incorporated into a packet containing the quantity of user data whenever the quantity of user data is broadcast; and

processing by the second node, the broadcast packet to eliminate a broadcast loop.

2. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

operating the initiator node and the second node as low power, low bandwidth wireless devices; and

moving at least one of the initiator node and the second node from a first location to a second location.

3. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 further comprising the step of forming a unicast route to the initiator node by the second node using a smart metric.

4. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 wherein the step of propagating the quantity of routing advertisement is performed on an event-driven as needed basis wherein an event recorded by a sensor at the initiator node creates the quantity of user data broadcasted by the initiator node.

5. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 wherein the step of propagating the quantity of routing advertisement is performed on a query driven as needed basis wherein the user data of the broadcast packet is a query directed to the second node.

6. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 wherein the step of processing by the second node the broadcast packet to eliminate a broadcast loop further comprises the steps of:

determining that an originator ID of the broadcast packet is in a routing table of the second node;

determining that a sequence number of the broadcast packet is in the routing table of the second node;

determining that the route cost is greater than an existing route; and

discarding the packet.

7. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 further comprising the step of increasing reliability by utilizing a broadcast overlap formed by the step of broadcasting by an initiator node.

8. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 further comprising the step of broadcasting, by the second node, a second quantity of user data and a second quantity of routing advertisement data in the event that the unicast route formed ages out.

9. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 further comprising the step of forming a data vehicle packet by the second node to follow the unicast route to the initiator node;

and

forming a timer for the data vehicle packet by the second node.

10. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 9 further comprising the step of adding a quantity of data destined for the initiator node to the data vehicle packet by a third node.

11. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 1 further comprising the step of forming a data vehicle packet by the second node to be broadcast to the initiator node;

and

forming a timer for the data vehicle packet by the second node.

12. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 11 further comprising the step of

adding a quantity of data destined for the initiator node to the data vehicle packet by a third node;

adding a quantity of routing advertisement data to the data vehicle packet; and

forming a second unicast route by the third node to the initiator node.

13. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 12 further comprising the step of processing, by the third node, the data vehicle packet to eliminate a broadcast loop.

14. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network of claim 9 further comprising the step of limiting the quantity of user data storeable in the data vehicle by the maximum transition unit of the wireless sensor network.

15. A method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a mobile wireless sensor network utilizing a query specific data vehicle comprising the steps of:

broadcasting a query, by a coordinator node, to a plurality of nodes of a wireless sensor network, the query being sent in a broadcast packet comprising a quantity of route advertisement data;

forming a unicast route to the coordinator node by one of the plurality of nodes based on the quantity of route advertisement data sent in the broadcast packet;

forming the query specific data vehicle by the one of the plurality of nodes;

forming a timer for the query specific data vehicle by the one of the plurality of nodes;

inserting a quantity of user data into the query specific data vehicle by the one of the plurality of nodes, the quantity of user data being destined for the coordinator node;

sending the query specific data vehicle along the unicast route;

receiving the query specific data vehicle by another of the plurality of nodes; and

inserting a second quantity of user data into the query specific data vehicle by the another one of the plurality of nodes, the second quantity of user data being destined for the coordinator node.

16. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network utilizing a query specific data vehicle of claim 15 further comprising the steps of:

forming a second query specific data vehicle by the another of the plurality of nodes;

forming a second timer for the second query specific data vehicle by the another of the plurality of nodes;

inserting the second quantity of user data into the second query specific data vehicle; and

determining if the second quantity of user data can be inserted into the query specific data vehicle based on a maximum transfer unit value of the wireless sensor network.

17. A method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network utilizing a wild card data vehicle comprising the steps of:

sensing an recordable event by a wireless sensor node;

creating a quantity of user data based on the sensing of the recordable event by the wireless sensor node;

forming a wild card data vehicle by the wireless sensor node;

inserting the quantity of user data formed by the wireless sensor node into the wild card data vehicle, the quantity of user data being destined for a coordinator node;

forming a timer for the wild card data vehicle by the wireless sensor node;

broadcasting the wild card data vehicle by the wireless sensor node to a second wireless sensor node; and

receiving the wild card data vehicle by the second wireless sensor node.

18. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network utilizing a wild card data vehicle comprising of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:

inserting a quantity of route advertisement data into the wild card data vehicle by the wireless sensor node; and

forming a unicast route to the coordinator node by the second wireless sensor node based on the quantity of route advertisement data sent in the wild card data vehicle.

19. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network utilizing a wild card data vehicle comprising of claim 18 further comprising the steps of:

forming a second wild card data vehicle by the second wireless sensor node;

forming a second timer for the second wild card data vehicle by the second wireless sensor node;

inserting the second quantity of user data into the second wireless sensor node;

determining if the second quantity of user data can be inserted into the wild card data vehicle based on a maximum transfer unit value of the wireless sensor network.

20. The method of hybrid routing and forwarding for a wireless sensor network utilizing a wild card data vehicle comprising of claim 19 further comprising the step of processing the wild card data vehicle by the second wireless network node to prevent a message loop, whereby each quantity of data of the wild card data vehicle are processed individually.