COMPOSITIONS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS WITH LEACHABLE METAL IONS
First Claim
1. A composition comprising glass particles within a polymeric material, wherein the glass particles comprise between about 50 weight percent and about 75 weight percent silica, between about 1 weight percent and about 5 weight percent aluminum oxide, less than about 25 weight percent sodium oxide and a bismuth compound and wherein the composition leaches bismuth ions to a concentration between about 14.3 ppm and about 172 ppm when placed in 0.5 to 1.5 liters of a sulfuric acid solution with a specific gravity of 1.26 at 20°
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1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
The disclosure describes compositions and methods for producing a change in the voltage at which hydrogen gas is produced in a lead acid battery. The compositions and methods relate to producing a concentration of one or more metal ions in the lead acid battery electrolyte.
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Citations
309 Claims
- 1. A composition comprising glass particles within a polymeric material, wherein the glass particles comprise between about 50 weight percent and about 75 weight percent silica, between about 1 weight percent and about 5 weight percent aluminum oxide, less than about 25 weight percent sodium oxide and a bismuth compound and wherein the composition leaches bismuth ions to a concentration between about 14.3 ppm and about 172 ppm when placed in 0.5 to 1.5 liters of a sulfuric acid solution with a specific gravity of 1.26 at 20°
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4. (canceled)
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6. (canceled)
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8. (canceled)
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9. (canceled)
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16. (canceled)
- 17. A composition comprising particles of a bismuth compound within a polymeric material, wherein the composition leaches bismuth ions to a concentration between about 14.3 ppm and about 172 ppm when placed in 0.5 to 1.5 liters of a sulfuric acid solution with a specific gravity of 1.26 at 20°
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20. (canceled)
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22-294. -294. (canceled)
- 295. A lead-acid battery that comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a polymeric separator between the negative and positive electrodes, and an electrolyte in contact with the negative and positive electrodes, wherein the lead-acid battery comprises a means for shifting the voltage at which hydrogen is produced at the negative electrode by between about 10 mV and about 120 mV.
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296. A lead-acid battery that comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a polymeric separator between the negative and positive electrodes, and an electrolyte in contact with the negative and positive electrodes, wherein the lead-acid battery comprises a means for providing metal ions into the electrolyte with a target concentration in the electrolyte that is selected from the group consisting of:
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between about 14.3 ppm and about 172 ppm of bismuth ions, between about 2.3 ppm and about 27.2 ppm of nickel ions, between about 2.3 ppm and about 27.2 ppm of tin ions, between about 4.6 ppm and about 55.1 ppm of antimony ions, between about 6.4 ppm and about 77.1 ppm of cobalt ions, between about 3.6 ppm and about 42.9 ppm of copper ions, and between about 3.6 ppm and about 42.9 ppm of titanium ions.
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297. A lead-acid battery that comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a polymeric separator between the negative and positive electrodes, and an electrolyte in contact with the negative and positive electrodes, wherein the lead-acid battery comprises a means for providing metal ions into the electrolyte with a target concentration in the electrolyte that is selected from the group consisting of:
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between about 42.9 ppm and about 85.8 ppm of bismuth ions, between about 6.8 ppm and about 18.2 ppm of nickel ions, between about 6.8 ppm and about 18.2 ppm of tin ions, between about 13.8 ppm and about 36.7 ppm of antimony ions, between about 19.3 ppm and about 51.4 ppm of cobalt ions, between about 10.7 ppm and about 28.5 ppm of copper ions, and between about 10.7 ppm and about 28.5 ppm of titanium ions.
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Specification