METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NAVIGATING A CUTTING TOOL DURING ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY USING A LOCALIZATION SYSTEM
First Claim
1. A method of using a surgical navigation system for positioning a saw for making a cut in a bone at a particular orientation and position, said method comprising the steps of:
- (1) navigating a guide for a longitudinal member relative to the bone to a first position in a first translational degree of freedom and first orientation in a first angular degree of freedom as a function of a desired position and orientation for a first cut in the bone;
(2) mounting a first longitudinal member to said bone using said guide positioned in said first position and first orientation as a guide; and
(3) using said saw to make said first cut in said bone while laying said saw against said mounted first longitudinal member, whereby said first longitudinal member controls the position and orientation of said first cut in said first angular degree of freedom and said first translational degree of freedom.
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Abstract
The invention provides methods and apparatus for accurately cutting bones with a surgical cutting device, such as a sagittal saw, using a surgical navigation system without use of a complex cutting jig. A surgical navigation system is used to navigate a guide tube to be used to drill a k-wire into the bone. The k-wire will act as a guide to control at least one degree of freedom of a saw blade for making a cut in the bone. In an exemplary high tibial osteotomy procedure, in which two intersecting planar cuts must be made in the tibia in order to remove a wedge of bone, a surgical navigation marker is mounted on the guide tube. The surgeon uses the surgical navigation system to navigate the guide tube to the desired varus-valgus angle and height of the first cut and then drills a k-wire into the tibia at that varus-valgus angle using the guide tube. The process is repeated for the second cut. The surgeon then uses the two k-wires as guides for controlling the varus-valgus angle of a sagittal saw for the two planar cuts. The surgeon rests the saw blade flat on the respective k-wire to define the varus-valgus angle of the cut. The saw itself also is navigated, with the surgical navigation system providing a display showing the surgeon at least (1) the varus-valgus angle, (2) the cut depth, and (3) the anterior-posterior slope. The anterior-posterior slope and the depth of the cut is controlled freehand by the surgeon.
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Citations
23 Claims
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1. A method of using a surgical navigation system for positioning a saw for making a cut in a bone at a particular orientation and position, said method comprising the steps of:
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(1) navigating a guide for a longitudinal member relative to the bone to a first position in a first translational degree of freedom and first orientation in a first angular degree of freedom as a function of a desired position and orientation for a first cut in the bone; (2) mounting a first longitudinal member to said bone using said guide positioned in said first position and first orientation as a guide; and (3) using said saw to make said first cut in said bone while laying said saw against said mounted first longitudinal member, whereby said first longitudinal member controls the position and orientation of said first cut in said first angular degree of freedom and said first translational degree of freedom. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22)
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14. A method of using a surgical navigation system for navigating first and second cuts for cutting a wedge out of a tibia in a tibial osteotomy procedure, said method comprising the steps of:
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(1) navigating a guide relative to said tibia to a desired varus-valgus angle and height for a first wedge cut; (2) mounting a first longitudinal member to said tibia using said guide positioned at said desired varus-valgus angle and height as a guide; (3) recording in said surgical navigation system the varus-valgus angle and height of said longitudinal member by recording the varus-valgus angle and height of said guide as it is positioned over said first longitudinal member after said first longitudinal member is mounted; (4) navigating said guide relative to said tibia and said first longitudinal member to a desired varus-valgus angle and height of a second wedge cut; (5) mounting a second longitudinal member to said tibia using said guide positioned at said desired varus-valgus angle and height for said second wedge cut as a guide; (6) navigating said sagittal saw to make said first wedge cut in said tibia while laying said saw against said mounted first longitudinal member, whereby said first longitudinal member controls the varus-valgus angle and height of said first wedge cut; and (7) navigating said sagittal saw to make said second wedge cut in said tibia while resting said saw on said mounted second longitudinal member whereby said second longitudinal member controls the varus-valgus angle and height of said second wedge cut. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21)
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23-29. -29. (canceled)
Specification