TOP CYCLE POWER GENERATION WITH HIGH RADIANT AND EMISSIVITY EXHAUST
First Claim
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1. An energy production system operable to reduce fuel requirement of a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
b) a second combustion stage consuming the first stage of combustion exhaust and additional oxidant producing a second stage of combustion exhaust having a radiant flux greater than 100 kW per square meter and emissivity greater than 0.2.
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Abstract
The present invention generally relates to power generation methods and secondary processes requiring high radiant and emissivity homogeneous combustion to maximize production output. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a top cycle power generator with combustion exhaust modified to have radiant flux in excess of 500 kW per square meter and emissivity greater than 0.90, and supercritical CO2 power generating cycle to maximize exergy efficiency.
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Citations
84 Claims
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1. An energy production system operable to reduce fuel requirement of a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
b) a second combustion stage consuming the first stage of combustion exhaust and additional oxidant producing a second stage of combustion exhaust having a radiant flux greater than 100 kW per square meter and emissivity greater than 0.2. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
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13. An energy production system operable to reduce fuel requirement of a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first expander device and a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust having a pressure greater than 100 psi and yielding a first waste heat byproduct comprised of at least carbon dioxide and water vapor, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power;
b) a second thermodynamic power generating cycle having a second working fluid and a second expander device with an inlet pressure of greater than the second working fluid supercritical pressure, and a heat exchanger to recover thermal energy from the first stage of combustion exhaust;
c) a third expander device operable to produce power wherein the third expander device is downstream of the heat exchanger having a state point inlet pressure and inlet temperature at which the first waste heat byproduct water vapor is condensed. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first expander device and a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust having a pressure greater than 100 psi and yielding a first waste heat byproduct comprised of at least carbon dioxide and water vapor, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power;
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32. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
b) a second combustion stage consuming the first stage of combustion exhaust and at least one of additional oxidant or fuel injected downstream of the first stage of combustion and upstream of a second stage of combustion, and at least 5 ppm of soot and/or soot precursors upstream of the second stage of combustion resulting in the second stage of combustion exhaust having a radiant flux greater than 100 kW per square meter and emissivity greater than 0.2. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
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45. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
b) a second combustion stage consuming the first stage of combustion exhaust and at least one of additional oxidant or fuel injected downstream of the first stage of combustion and upstream of a second stage of combustion, and at least 5 ppm of soot and/or soot precursors upstream of the second stage of combustion resulting in the second stage of combustion exhaust having a radiant flux greater than 100 kW per square meter and emissivity greater than 0.2. - View Dependent Claims (46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51)
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
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52. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage, a ramjet expander and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust having a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius and an emissivity less than 0.50, yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
b) a second combustion stage consuming the first stage of combustion exhaust and at least one of additional oxidant or fuel injected downstream wherein the mixing of the additional oxidant or fuel occurs following at least one of the additional oxidant or fuel preheated to above the fuel autoignition temperature resulting in the second stage of combustion exhaust having a radiant flux greater than 100 kW per square meter and emissivity greater than 0.2. - View Dependent Claims (53)
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage, a ramjet expander and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust having a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius and an emissivity less than 0.50, yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power; and
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54. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust having a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius and an emissivity less than 0.20, yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power;
b) a second combustion stage consuming the first stage of combustion exhaust and at least one of additional oxidant or fuel injected downstream wherein the mixing of the additional oxidant or fuel occurs following at least one of the additional oxidant or fuel preheated to above the fuel autoignition temperature resulting in the second stage of combustion exhaust having a radiant flux greater than 100 kW per square meter and emissivity greater than 0.2; and
c) a simulated moving bed operable to recover combustion waste heat to preheat at least one of oxidant source or fuel. - View Dependent Claims (55, 56, 57, 58)
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust having a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius and an emissivity less than 0.20, yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power;
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59. An energy production system comprising a top cycle furnace having a high radiant flux of greater than 200 kW per square meter and an emissivity of greater than 0.50 through the combustion of at least one preheated oxidant source or fuel;
- and a first simulated moving bed operable as the top cycle furnace waste heat recovery system wherein the top cycle furnace has combustion exhaust above the fuels autoignition temperature, wherein at least a partial stream of the combustion exhaust entrains at least a portion of the fuel operable to preheat the fuel and to create at least 5 ppm of soot or soot precursors upstream of the top cycle furnace.
- View Dependent Claims (60, 61)
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62. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a combined power generating cycle comprising:
- a) a furnace having a combustion stage to combust a preheated oxidant and both a diluted and preheated fuel with a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius and an emissivity greater than 0.50, yielding a combustion exhaust having a waste heat byproduct; and
b) a first thermodynamic supercritical power generating cycle consisting of an expander having a CO2 as the working fluid that is heated by the furnace combustion exhaust and heat exchanger downstream of the expander to transfer thermal energy to preheat the furnace oxidant above the fuels ignition temperature and then a partial stream of the combustion exhaust dilutes and preheats the fuel above the fuels autoignition temperature.
- a) a furnace having a combustion stage to combust a preheated oxidant and both a diluted and preheated fuel with a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius and an emissivity greater than 0.50, yielding a combustion exhaust having a waste heat byproduct; and
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63. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a compressor to compress an oxidant source that is then preheated by thermal energy transferred by a first simulated moving bed having a medium that reacts with carbon dioxide to create an exothermic reaction, a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust having a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius and an emissivity less than 0.20, yielding a first waste heat byproduct that is discharged into a second simulated moving bed that preheats an oxidant for a boiler that heats a second thermodynamic power generating cycle having a supercritical CO2 working fluid, wherein the boiler has a radiant flux greater than 100 kW per square meter and an emissivity greater than 0.20.
- View Dependent Claims (64, 65)
- 66. An energy production system comprised of a first thermodynamic power generating system having a combustor operable as an oxyfuel ramjet expander operable as a Brayton cycle having a discharge temperature downstream of the ramjet expander greater than 1000 degrees Celsius that is a thermal source for a second thermodynamic power generating system having a supercritical CO2 working fluid operable at a pressure greater than 2700 psi through a waste heat exchanger having a physical size less than 75% of a waste heat exchanger for an equivalent steam working fluid.
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69. An energy production system comprised of a first thermodynamic power generating system operable as an open Brayton cycle with a combustor burning a fuel that is diluted with a preheated CO2 and consisting of a waste heat exchanger and a CO2 capture system with a boost pump operable as at least a partial CO2 source;
- a second thermodynamic power generating system having a supercritical CO2 working fluid and a CO2 exhaust port operable to regulate the mass of CO2 within the second thermodynamic power generating system and a pump or compressor to provide pressurized CO2 to the first thermodynamic power generating system operable to dilute the fuel source, wherein the waste heat exchanger transfers waste heat from the first thermodynamic power generating system to the second thermodynamic power generating system, and wherein the preheated CO2 is discharged from downstream of the pump or compressor of the second thermodynamic power generating system.
- View Dependent Claims (70, 71)
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72. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a combined first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a supercritical CO2 working fluid;
- a boiler having a boiler wall heat exchanger and a combustion stage at a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius, an emissivity greater than 0.50, and a heat transfer rate to the supercritical CO2 working fluid of greater than 200 kW per square meter;
the boiler combustion stage combusts an oxidant and a fuel source having at least one of the oxidant or fuel preheated by waste heat from the first thermodynamic power generating cycle; and
a second thermodynamic power generating cycle having at least 20 percent of a thermal energy source from the boiler wall heat exchanger. - View Dependent Claims (73, 74, 75, 76, 77)
- a boiler having a boiler wall heat exchanger and a combustion stage at a temperature greater than 1000 degrees Celsius, an emissivity greater than 0.50, and a heat transfer rate to the supercritical CO2 working fluid of greater than 200 kW per square meter;
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78. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a thermodynamic power generating cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermal source from a first combustor having waste heat;
b) a second thermal source from a second combustor wherein the second thermal source has a temperature at least 200 degrees Celsius greater than the first thermal source;
c) a simulated moving bed to recover waste heat from the second thermal source operable to preheat an oxidant source for the second combustor;
d) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a supercritical CO2 working fluid heated first by the first thermal source and then by the second thermal source. - View Dependent Claims (79, 80)
- a) a first thermal source from a first combustor having waste heat;
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81. An energy production system operable to maximize exergy efficiency of a thermodynamic power generating cycle comprising:
- a) a first thermal source from a first combustor having waste heat;
b) a second thermal source from a concentrated solar receiver wherein the second thermal source has a temperature at least 200 degrees Celsius greater than the first thermal source;
c) a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a supercritical CO2 working fluid heated first by the first thermal source and then by the second thermal source, and an expander operable to produce mechanical or electrical power; and
d) waste heat from the first thermodynamic power generating cycle utilized to preheat an oxidant source for the first combustor. - View Dependent Claims (82, 83)
- a) a first thermal source from a first combustor having waste heat;
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84. A method for operating an energy production system having a combined thermodynamic power generating top cycle, a first thermodynamic power generating cycle having a first combustion stage and a first working fluid and producing a first stage of combustion exhaust yielding a first waste heat byproduct, wherein the first thermodynamic power generating cycle consumes fuel to generate power;
- and b) a furnace having a furnace temperature setpoint whereby the second stage working fluid results from the second combustion stage consuming the first stage of combustion exhaust and additional oxidant producing a second stage of combustion exhaust;
comprising the steps of;
adding a quantity of fuel and oxidant to the first combustion stage to yield a first stage of combustion exhaust having a first stage exhaust temperature;
adding additional oxidant to the second combustion stage to yield a second stage combustion exhaust having a second stage exhaust temperature at least 10 degrees Celsius greater than the furnace temperature setpoint.
- and b) a furnace having a furnace temperature setpoint whereby the second stage working fluid results from the second combustion stage consuming the first stage of combustion exhaust and additional oxidant producing a second stage of combustion exhaust;
Specification