SECONDARY BATTERY SYSTEM

• US 20120169288A1
• Filed: 09/25/2009
• Published: 07/05/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Ueki, Tomoyoshi, Tamane, Yasuyuki
• Granted Patent: US 8,653,793 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 320/134
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/382 Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/448 End of discharge regulating measures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/50 Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/55 on the same side of the cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/553 Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A secondary battery system includes a secondary battery containing a positive electrode active material configured from lithium manganate having a spinel crystal structure and a negative electrode active material which undergoes a phase change when charging or discharging. The secondary battery system includes a dQ/dV calculation means (battery controller) for calculating dQ/dV, which is the ratio of the change (dQ) in the accumulated energy (Q) in the secondary battery with respect to the change (dV) in the voltage (V) of the secondary battery when charging or discharging the secondary battery, so as to determine the state of the secondary battery system on the basis of the peaks appearing on the V−dQ/dV curve, which expresses the relationship between the voltage (V) and dQ/dV.

Claims

1. A secondary battery system comprising a secondary battery, wherein

the secondary battery includes a positive active material formed of lithium manganate having a spinel crystal structure and a negative active material associated with change in phase due to charging and discharging,

the secondary battery system includes dQ/dV calculation means for calculating, during charging and discharging of the secondary battery, a value for dQ/dV representative of a ratio of dQ to dV where dQ is a variation in storage amount Q of the secondary battery and dV is a variation in battery voltage V of the secondary battery, and

a state of the secondary battery system is detected based on a peak appearing on a V−

dQ/dV curve representative of a relationship between the battery voltage V value and the dQ/dV value.

2. The secondary battery system according to claim 1, wherein

the secondary battery system includes judgment means for deciding, based on the battery voltage V value and the dQ/dV value, whether or not the secondary battery reaches a state corresponding to a first peak appearing on the V−

dQ/dV curve, and whether or not the secondary battery reaches a state corresponding to a second peak appearing on the V−

dQ/dV curve and having the battery voltage V of higher level than the battery voltage V at the first peak, and

the state of the secondary battery system is detected based on a measured voltage difference value which is a difference value between a battery voltage value V1 at the time when the judgment means decides that the secondary battery has reached said state corresponding to the first peak and a battery voltage value V2 at the time when the judgment means decides that the secondary battery has reached said state corresponding to the second peak.

3. The secondary battery system according to claim 2, wherein

the secondary battery system includes resistance increase detection means for detecting an increase in internal resistance of the secondary battery, and

the resistance increase detection means compares the measured voltage difference value with a reference voltage difference value which is prestored in the secondary battery system, the reference voltage difference value being a difference value between a battery voltage value V1 in regard to the first peak and a battery voltage value V2 in regard to the second peak, and relating to the secondary battery in its initial state,

if the measured voltage difference value exceeds the reference voltage difference value, then the decision is that there is an increase in internal resistance of the secondary battery.

4. The secondary battery system according to claim 2, wherein

the secondary battery system includes connection defect detection means for detecting a connection defect in the secondary battery, and

the connection defect detection means compares the measured voltage difference value with a reference voltage difference value which is prestored in the secondary battery system, the reference voltage difference value being a difference value between a battery voltage value V1 in regard to the first peak and a battery voltage value V2 in regard to the second peak, and relating to the secondary battery in its initial state,

if the measured voltage difference value exceeds not only the reference voltage difference value, but also exceeds a predetermined threshold, then the decision is that there occurs in the secondary battery a connection defect.

5. The secondary battery system according to claim 1, wherein

the secondary battery system includes judgment means for deciding, based on the battery voltage V value and the dQ/dV value, whether or not the secondary battery reaches a state corresponding to a first peak appearing on the V−

dQ/dV curve, and whether or not the secondary battery reaches a state corresponding to a second peak appearing on the V−

dQ/dV curve and having the battery voltage V of higher level than the battery voltage V at the first peak, and

the state of the secondary battery system is detected based on a measured storage amount difference value which is a difference value between a storage amount Q1 of the secondary battery at the time when the judgment means decides that the secondary battery has reached the aforesaid state corresponding to the first peak and a storage amount Q2 of the secondary battery at the time when the judgment means decides that the secondary battery has reached the aforesaid state corresponding to the second peak.

6. The secondary battery system according to claim 5, wherein

the secondary battery system includes capacity decrease detection means for detecting a decrease in battery capacity of the secondary battery, and

the capacity decrease detection means compares the measured storage amount difference value with a reference storage amount difference value which is prestored in the secondary battery system, the reference storage amount difference value being a difference value between a storage amount Q1 of the secondary battery at the first peak and a storage amount Q2 of the secondary battery at the second peak, and relating to the secondary battery in its initial state,

if the measured storage amount difference value is smaller than the reference storage amount difference value, then the decision is that there is a decrease in battery capacity of the secondary battery.

7. The secondary battery system according to claim 5, wherein

the secondary battery system includes micro short-circuiting detection means for detecting internal micro short-circuiting in the secondary battery, and

the micro short-circuiting detection means compares the measured storage amount difference value with a reference storage amount difference value which is prestored in the secondary battery system, the reference storage amount difference value being a difference value between a storage amount Q1 of the secondary battery in regard to the first peak and a storage amount Q2 of the secondary battery in regard to the second peak, and relating to the secondary battery in its initial state,

if the measured storage amount difference value falls below not only the reference storage amount difference value, but also below a predetermined threshold, then the decision is that there is an occurrence of internal micro short-circuiting in the secondary battery.

8. The secondary battery system according to claim 1, wherein

the secondary battery system includes control means for controlling charging and discharging of the secondary battery, and

the control means controls the charging and discharging of the secondary battery in order that the battery voltage V of the secondary battery has a value not exceeding a battery voltage value V2 at the second peak that is the larger, in battery voltage V, of the first and the second peaks appearing on the V−

dQ/dV curve.

9. The secondary battery system according to claim 8, wherein

the secondary battery system includes judgment means for deciding, based on the battery voltage V value and the dQ/dV value, whether or not the secondary battery reaches a state corresponding to the second peak on the V−

dQ/dV curve, and

if the judgment means decides that the secondary battery has reached the aforesaid state corresponding to the second peak during charging of the secondary battery, the control means brings the charging of the secondary battery to a stop and takes control of excessive discharging with respect to the secondary battery.

10. The secondary battery system according to claim 3, wherein

the secondary battery system includes connection defect detection means for detecting a connection defect in the secondary battery, and

the connection defect detection means compares the measured voltage difference value with a reference voltage difference value which is prestored in the secondary battery system, the reference voltage difference value being a difference value between a battery voltage value V1 in regard to the first peak and a battery voltage value V2 in regard to the second peak, and relating to the secondary battery in its initial state,

if the measured voltage difference value exceeds not only the reference voltage difference value, but also exceeds a predetermined threshold, then the decision is that there occurs in the secondary battery a connection defect.

11. The secondary battery system according to claim 6, wherein

the secondary battery system includes micro short-circuiting detection means for detecting internal micro short-circuiting in the secondary battery, and

the micro short-circuiting detection means compares the measured storage amount difference value with a reference storage amount difference value which is prestored in the secondary battery system, the reference storage amount difference value being a difference value between a storage amount Q1 of the secondary battery in regard to the first peak and a storage amount Q2 of the secondary battery in regard to the second peak, and relating to the secondary battery in its initial state,

if the measured storage amount difference value falls below not only the reference storage amount difference value, but also below a predetermined threshold, then the decision is that there is an occurrence of internal micro short-circuiting in the secondary battery.