Systems and methods for precise event timing measurements

• US 20120176159A1
• Filed: 01/07/2011
• Published: 07/12/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Keysight Technologies Singapore Sales Pte Ltd (Keysight Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Anue Systems Inc (Keysight Technologies, Inc.)
• Inventors: Webb, Charles A. III, Ott, Christopher C.
• Granted Patent: US 8,683,254 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 327/18
• CPC Class Codes: G04F 10/00 Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by electric means

Abstract

Systems and methods are disclosed for precise event time measurement. High speed serializer and deserializer circuitry are combined with high speed logic elements, such as exclusive-OR (XOR) or exclusive-not-OR (XNOR) logic circuitry, to achieve a measurement precision based upon a bit period associated with the high speed circuitry rather than upon slower reference clock signals. In certain embodiments, the disclosed systems and methods generate digital signal patterns, serialize them, transmit them as a high speed bit stream, utilize an event occurrence signal and logic circuitry to produce a modified bit stream, deserialize the modified bit stream to produce a modified digital signal pattern, compare the modified signal pattern with a predicted signal pattern, and determine bit positions or bit periods at which events occur based upon this comparison. These bit positions can then be used to generate precise timestamps and related time information for detected events.

Claims

1. A system for event timing measurement, comprising:

serializer circuitry having a digital signal pattern as an input and having a bit stream as an output, the digital signal pattern being multi-bit parallel data and the bit stream being single-bit serial data;

logic circuitry having the bit stream as an input and having an event occurrence signal as an input, the logic circuitry being configured to modify the bit stream based upon the event occurrence signal to produce a modified bit stream, the modified bit stream being single-bit serial data;

deserializer circuitry having the modified bit stream as an input and having a modified digital signal pattern as an output, the modified digital signal pattern being multi-bit parallel data; and

event timing detector circuitry configured to compare a predicted digital signal pattern to the modified digital signal pattern to determine when an event occurred within the modified digital signal pattern and to output event timing data representative of when the event occurred within the modified digital signal pattern, the event timing data having a resolution related to a bit period for the modified bit stream.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising pattern generator circuitry configured to generate the digital signal pattern.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the digital signal pattern comprises a pseudorandom bit sequence.

4. The system of claim 1, further comprising reference clock generator circuitry having a reference clock signal as an output, the reference clock signal being coupled to the serializer circuitry.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the reference clock signal is further coupled to the deserializer circuitry.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein the deserializer circuitry is configured to recover a reference clock from the modified bit stream.

7. The system of claim 1, further comprising event detection circuitry having the event occurrence signal as an output, the event occurrence signal representing at least in part a detection of an occurrence of one or more events.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the event detection circuitry comprises event conditioning circuitry configured to receive a signal associated with the detected event and to output the event occurrence signal in a form usable by the logic circuitry.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the events are associated with edges of a digital clock signal.

10. The system of claim 7, wherein the events are associated with at least one of an arrival of network packets and a departure of network packets.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the event timing detector circuitry comprises pattern predictor circuitry configured to provide the predicted digital signal pattern.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital signal pattern is used as the predicted digital signal pattern.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein an input rate of the multi-bit parallel data to the serializer circuitry and an output rate of the multi-bit parallel data from the deserializer circuitry are each based upon a reference clock signal.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the input rate of the multi-bit parallel data to the serializer circuitry and the output rate of the multi-bit parallel data from the deserializer circuitry are the same rate.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein a rate of the single-bit serial data output by the serializer circuitry and a rate of the single-bit serial data input to the deserializer circuitry are each at least two times faster than a rate of the multi-bit parallel data input to the serializer circuitry.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the rate of the single-bit serial data output by the serializer circuitry and the rate of the single-bit serial data input to the deserializer circuitry are the same rate.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the logic circuitry comprises exclusive-OR (XOR) logic circuitry configured to perform an XOR logic operation and wherein the bit stream and the event occurrence signal are inputs and the modified bit stream is an output.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the serializer circuitry is configured to provide the bit stream as a differential signal to the logic circuitry, wherein the event occurrence signal is a differential signal, and wherein the modified bit stream from the logic circuitry is a differential signal.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the XOR logic circuitry comprises:

fan-out buffer circuitry having the differential bit stream as an input and having a first pair of differential bit stream signal lines and a second pair of differential bit stream signal lines as outputs, the second pair of differential bit stream signal lines being swapped to form an inverted differential bit stream; and

a multiplexer having the first pair of differential bit stream signal lines as a first input, having the inverted differential bit stream as a second input, having the differential event occurrence signal as a control input, and having the differential modified bit stream as an output.

20. The system of claim 1, wherein the logic circuitry comprises exclusive-not-OR (XNOR) logic circuitry configured to perform an XNOR logic operation and wherein the bit stream and the event occurrence signal are inputs and the modified bit stream is an output.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein the event timing detector circuitry comprises comparison circuitry having the predicted digital signal pattern and the modified digital signal pattern as inputs and having output data representative of differences between the predicted digital signal pattern and the modified digital signal pattern.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the comparison circuitry comprises at least one of:

exclusive-OR (XOR) logic circuitry configured to perform an XOR logic operation and wherein the predicted digital signal pattern and the modified digital signal pattern are inputs and wherein resulting XOR data is the output data, and

exclusive-not-OR (XNOR) logic circuitry configured to perform an XNOR logic operation and wherein the predicted digital signal pattern and the modified digital signal pattern are inputs and wherein resulting XNOR data is the output data.

23. The system of claim 21, wherein the event timing detector circuitry further comprises timestamp circuitry configured to provide an event timestamp based upon the output data from the comparison circuitry.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the event timestamp includes a counter portion and a bit period portion, the counter portion being based upon a time counter and the bit period portion being based upon the output data from the comparison circuitry.

25. They system of claim 23, further comprising time error circuitry configured to output time error data representing a difference between an event timestamp and an expected event timestamp.

26. The system of claim 25, further comprising circuitry configured to store at least one of a minimum time error value, a maximum time error value and an average time value.

27. The system of claim 26, further comprising control circuitry configured to periodically reset stored values.

28. The system of claim 25, further comprising circuitry configured to store the time error data.

29. The system of claim 25, further comprising sampling circuitry configured to sample and store the time error data based upon a control signal.

30. The system of claim 1, wherein the logic circuitry and the deserializer circuitry comprise a first measurement path, and further comprising one or more additional measurement paths coupled to receive the event occurrence signal, wherein each additional measurement path also includes logic circuitry and deserializer circuitry.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein at least one additional measurement path is configured to provide an offset time measurement that is offset in time from a time measurement provided by the first measurement path.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein the time measurement and the offset time measurement are utilized to provide event timing data having a finer resolution than the bit period for the modified bit stream.

33. The system of claim 32, wherein a plurality of additional measurement paths are configured to provide a plurality of offset time measurements that are offset in time from a time measurement provided by the first measurement path, and wherein the plurality of offset time measurements are used to provide timing data having a finer resolution than the bit period for the modified bit stream.

34. The system of claim 31, further comprising delay circuitry coupled to the at least one additional measurement path to provide the offset time measurement.

35. The system of claim 1, wherein the logic circuitry and the deserializer circuitry comprise a first measurement path, and further comprising one or more additional measurement paths, wherein each additional measurement path also includes logic circuitry and deserializer circuitry and wherein each additional measurement path is configured to receive a different event occurrence signal.

36. A system for signal event timing measurement, comprising:

a modified signal pattern input, the modified signal pattern input being a modified version of a signal pattern with one or more modifications representing an occurrence of one or more events;

deserializer circuitry configured to receive the modified signal pattern input and to have a modified digital signal pattern as an output, the modified digital signal pattern being multi-bit parallel data, and the deserializer circuitry being configured to determine logic levels associated with the modified signal pattern at a first rate and to output the multi-bit parallel data at a second rate wherein the first rate is at least two times faster than the second rate; and

event timing detector circuitry configured to compare a predicted signal pattern to the modified digital signal pattern to determine when a modification occurred within the modified digital signal pattern and to output event timing data representative of when the event occurred within the modified digital signal pattern, the event timing data having a resolution related to the first rate.

37. The system of claim 36, wherein the signal pattern is a digital signal pattern and wherein the modified signal pattern input is a modified digital signal pattern input.

38. The system of claim 37, wherein the modified digital signal pattern comprises single-bit serial data.

39. The system of claim 36, wherein the modified signal pattern input is an analog signal.

40. The system of claim 36, wherein the event timing data comprises one or more timestamps.

41. The system of claim 36, wherein the event timing data comprises one or more time error values.

42. A method for event timing measurement, comprising:

outputting a digital signal pattern as multi-bit parallel data;

serializing the multi-bit parallel data to generate a bit stream of single-bit serial data;

modifying the bit stream using logic circuitry having the bit stream and an event occurrence signal as inputs to generate a modified bit stream of single-bit serial data;

deserializing the modified bit stream to generate a modified digital signal pattern as multi-bit parallel data;

comparing a predicted digital signal pattern to the modified digital signal pattern to determine when an event occurred within the modified digital signal pattern; and

generating event timing data representative of when the event occurred within the modified digital signal pattern, the event timing data having a resolution related to a bit period for the modified bit stream.

43. The method of claim 42, further comprising generating a reference clock signal and using the reference clock signal in the serializing step.

44. The method of claim 43, further comprising using the reference clock signal in the deserializing step.

45. The method of claim 43, further comprising recovering a reference clock signal from the modified bit stream and using the recovered reference clock signal in the deserializing step.

46. The method of claim 42, wherein an output rate of the multi-bit parallel data for the outputting step and an output rate of the multi-bit parallel data for the deserializing step are each based upon a reference clock signal.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the output rate of the multi-bit parallel data for the outputting step and the output rate of the multi-bit parallel data for the deserializing step are the same rate.

48. The method of claim 42, wherein a rate of the single-bit serial data generated by the serializing step and a rate of the modified bit stream for the deserializing step are each at least two times faster than a rate of the multi-bit parallel data for the outputting step.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the rate of the single-bit serial data generated by the serializing step and the rate of the modified bit stream for the deserializing step are the same rate.

50. The method of claim 42, wherein the modifying step comprises at least one of using exclusive-OR (XOR) logic circuitry to perform an XOR logic operation and using exclusive-not-OR (XNOR) logic circuitry configured to perform an XNOR logic operation.

51. The method of claim 42, wherein the comparing step comprises determining differences between the predicted digital signal pattern and the modified digital signal pattern.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein the comparison step comprises at least one of using exclusive-OR (XOR) logic circuitry to perform an XOR logic operation and using exclusive-not-OR (XNOR) logic circuitry configured to perform an XNOR logic operation.

53. The method of claim 51, wherein the generating step comprises generating an event timestamp.

54. The method of claim 53, wherein the event timestamp includes a counter portion and a bit period portion, the counter portion being based upon a time counter and the bit period portion being based upon the comparing step.

55. They method of claim 53, wherein the generating step comprises generating time error data representing a difference between an event timestamp and an expected event timestamp.

56. The method of claim 42, further comprising duplicating the modifying, deserializing, comparing steps and generating steps to provide one or more additional time measurements associated with the event occurrence signal.

57. The method of claim 56, further comprising using the one or more additional time measurements to provide two or more offset time measurements that are offset in time from each other.

58. The method of claim 57, further comprising using the offset time measurements to generate event timing data having a finer resolution than the bit period for the modified bit stream.

59. The method of claim 42, further comprising duplicating the modifying, deserializing, comparing and generating steps to provide one or more additional time measurements associated with one or more different event occurrence signals.